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Volgograd Oblast, Russia

The capital city of Volgograd oblast: Volgograd .

Volgograd Oblast - Overview

Volgograd Oblast is a federal subject of Russia, the main gate to the south of the country, part of the Southern Federal District. Volgograd is the capital city of the region.

The population of Volgograd Oblast is about 2,450,000 (2022), the area - 112,877 sq. km.

Volgograd oblast flag

Volgograd oblast coat of arms.

Volgograd oblast map, Russia

Volgograd oblast latest news and posts from our blog:.

28 March, 2020 / Volgograd - the city restored from ruins .

4 April, 2019 / Cities of Russia at Night - the Views from Space .

23 August, 2018 / Elton - the Largest Lake of the Volgograd Region .

4 December, 2017 / Stadiums and Matches of the World Cup 2018 in Russia .

8 May, 2017 / Discharge of Water at the Volga Hydroelectric Station .

More posts..

History of Volgograd Oblast

Since the early 1240s, the Lower Volga region became part of the Golden Horde state founded by the Mongolian khan Batu. In the 13th-14th centuries, along the Volga and Akhtuba, there were numerous settlements and major urban centers, the population grew significantly, the local merchants established trade links with Russian principalities, the Italian republics, Egypt, Iran, Central Asia, India, and China.

In the first half of the 15th century, the Golden Horde broke up into a number of independent states including the Kazan and Astrakhan khanates. In the middle of the 16th century, they were conquered by the troops of the Russian Tsar Ivan the Terrible. From this time, colonization and economic development of this region by Russian settlers began.

From the second half of the 16th century, a system of fortress towns was created in the Volga region, built to protect the southeastern borders of the Russian state. The fortress of Tsaritsyn (Volgograd), founded in 1589, was one of these outposts.

Peter the Great visited Tsaritsyn three times. According to his plan, in the 1730s, there was a reconstruction of the Tsaritsyn fortress and the construction of the Tsaritsyn sentry line, which contributed to the settlement of the lands along the rivers of Medveditsa, Ilovl, Volga, and Akhtuba.

More Historical Facts…

In 1765, as a result of two manifestoes of Catherine the Great, who invited people from abroad to settle in Russia, the first foreigners appeared in the region. They were granted a number of benefits, including exemption from recruitment and taxes for 30 years. After it, more than 100 German colonies appeared along the banks of the Volga River.

In the late 18th century, when the Crimea and the Kuban became parts of the Russian Empire, the borders of the state moved far to the south. The Tsaritsyn sentry line was abolished, the Volga Cossack army was liquidated, and the town lost its military-strategic importance. In 1798, Tsaritsyn became a district town of the Saratov province.

Until the second half of the 19th century, the economy of the region was represented exclusively by the agrarian sector (growing grain crops, melon growing), cattle breeding as well as fishing and hunting. In the 1860s-1870s, with the construction of railways, Tsaritsyn turned into the largest transit center of the southeast of the Russian Empire.

In the last quarter of the 19th - early 20th centuries, Tsaritsyn became one of the largest industrial centers of the Volga region. In 1880, the oil industrial town of Nobel was built, which later grew into the largest for the time oil industry complex. The merchants of Tsaritsyn called their town Russian Chicago.

In the late 1920s and throughout the 1930s, industry was the leading branch of the local economy. Old factories were modernized and new enterprises were opened. In April 1925, the city was renamed Stalingrad. Stalingrad oblast, formed in 1936, occupied one of the leading places in the economy of the USSR, and Stalingrad became a major industrial, scientific and cultural center, the southern capital of the country.

During the Second World War, the Stalingrad battle took place on the territory of the region, which played an important role in the defeat of Nazi Germany. As a result of fierce fighting, the city was turned into ruins.

Among the largest economic projects implemented on the territory of the region in the post-war period: the Volga-Don Shipping Canal, the Volzhskaya HPP, aluminum, metalworking and chemical plants, light and food industry enterprises.

In 1961, after the condemnation of Stalin’s cult of personality, Stalingrad was renamed to Volgograd, and the region, respectively, became Volgograd oblast.

Volgograd Oblast scenery

Cretaceous mountain in Volgograd Oblast

Author: A.S.Vasiliev

Nature of the Volgograd region

Author: Nikolay Barabanshikov

Volgograd Oblast - Features

From north to south and from west to east, Volgograd Oblast stretches for more than 400 km. This region has an advantageous geographical position, being the main gateway to the south of Russia with access to Iran, the Caucasus, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan.

Also two main rivers of the European part of Russia, the Volga and the Don, are connected through the Volga-Don Canal here. With its help it is possible to reach the following seas: the Caspian Sea, the White Sea, the Baltic Sea, the Black Sea, and the Sea of Azov.

The climate of the Volgograd region is arid, with a pronounced continentality. The average temperature in January is about minus 8-12 degrees Celsius, in July - plus 22-25 degrees Celsius.

Volgograd Oblast has a high potential of natural resources: hydrocarbon raw materials (oil, condensate, natural gas), chemical (potash, magnesium, sodium salts, phosphorites), cement raw materials for the metallurgical industry, building materials, iron ores, non-ferrous, and rare metals.

The largest cities and towns of Volgograd Oblast are Volgograd (1,001,200), Volzhsky (321,400), Kamyshin (107,000), Mikhailovka (56,300), Uryupinsk (35,500), Frolovo (35,200).

Volgograd Oblast - Economy

The Volgograd region is one of the most economically developed regions of Russia with a balanced economic structure. Diversified agriculture is combined with a diverse industry, oil and natural gas reserves. Two largest navigable rivers flow along the territory of the region, connected by the Volga-Don Canal. Volzhskaya hydroelectric power station is located on the territory of the region.

The main industries are machine building and metalworking (tractors, ships, tower cranes, bearings, equipment for the oil industry, electrical and food industries, drilling, transport and storage, medical and commercial equipment), fuel (oil and gas production), oil refining, chemical industry, ferrous, and non-ferrous metallurgy.

The production of building materials is well developed, as well as textile, woodworking and food industries. Local agriculture is focused on the production of grain, corn, cereals, oilseeds, and vegetable oil, vegetables, fruits, melons.

Important railways, highways, water- and airways cross the territory of the region. The lower Volga and Don connected by the Volga-Don Canal favor freight carrying from the ports of European countries to Africa and the Middle East. The territory of the region is crossed by the federal highway M6 “Moscow - Astrakhan”.

Attractions of Volgograd Oblast

Volgograd Oblast is a relatively popular tourist destination in Russia, especially during a long and warm summer. Such small rivers of the region as the Khoper, Medveditsa, Ilovlya, Akhtuba are famous for their picturesque valleys.

There are seven natural parks in the region: the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain, the Donskoy, the Nizhnehopersky, the Ust-Medveditsky, the Tsimlyansk sands, the Shcherbakovsky, the Eltonsky.

The main places of interest located outside Volgograd:

• Volga-Akhtuba floodplain, which begins immediately behind the Volga hydroelectric power station, near which the Akhtuba separates from the Volga, a great place for fishing;
• Lake Elton - one of the most interesting natural sites on the territory of the Volgograd region, the largest salt lake in Europe (152 sq. km.). The name came from the Kazakh “Altyn-Nur”, which means “Golden Lake”;
• Floating islands on the lakes Bolshoye Babye and Maloye Babye near the village of Bolshoy Babinsky in Alekseevsky district;
• Archedin-Don Sands - a state botanical nature monument located on the territory of Serafimovichsky and Frolovsky districts, one of the largest sand massifs in the Volgograd region;
• Cretaceous mountains located on the right bank of the Ilovlya River, starting from the village of Kondrashi and ending in the area of Kamenniy brod;
• Sarpinsky Island - the largest river island in Europe located on the Volga River opposite Volgograd, the width - 18 km, the length - 20 km. This natural complex is the central part of the natural zone of Volgograd;
• Park-Museum of the Russian Fairy Tale named after A.S. Pushkin in the village of Kirovets in Sredneakhtubinsky district;
• Ethnographic Museum of Cossack Folk Architecture and Life located on the bank of the Ilovlya River, the 79th kilometer of the Volgograd-Moscow highway;
• Military-Memorial Cemetery of Rossoshka - a burial place of German and Soviet soldiers;
• Local History Museum in Kamyshin;
• Volga-Don Shipping Canal - an architectural ensemble included in the list of historical and cultural monuments of the Volgograd region;
• Monument to the Goat, Museum of Local Lore and Art in Uryupinsk.

Volgograd oblast of Russia photos

Pictures of volgograd oblast.

Monument of the Soviet past in Volgograd Oblast

Field road in the Volgograd region

Author: Dorokhin Denis

Monument to Peter the Great in the Volgograd region

Author: A.Kulik

Churches in Volgograd Oblast

Restoration of the church in Volgograd Oblast

Church in the Volgograd region

Author: Artem Naumov

Orthodox church in Volgograd Oblast

Author: Aleksandr Tuznichenko

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Volgograd: History and Myth

10 October 2010

A solemn but reverent air of respect hangs over Volgograd. Long a small military garrison, then a rapidly growing center of commerce and transport, Volgograd is best known to Russians and foreigners alike as the site of the bloodiest battle of the Second World War. Today, Volgograd is an industrial city and transport hub with the Volga River as its heart. It embraces its past while surging ahead, but must also face new economic and political challenges.

Volgograd’s Geography

The city was founded as a military garrison in the late 16th century, shortly after Russia first conquered the area from the Astrakhan Khanate. While its immediate purpose was to help secure and govern the new territory, grander long-term designs were likely in mind when it was given its original, royal name of Tsaritsyn.

Located at a strategic bottleneck of the Volga River, the city would have been well-placed to defend Russia’s northward territories from foreign armies advancing from the south. It is also well placed to act as part of one of the silk road trade routes running from Europe to Asia. The surrounding area, known as “the Great Steppe,” and characterized by its arid, dry climate and grassland plains is well suited to grain production, which was once Russia’s biggest export to Europe and one of its main sources of wealth and international “soft” power.

Volgograd’s Early History

Volgograd, founded in a restive, new region existed as a small military and trade settlement for nearly 300 years. Tsaritsyn initially had to defend itself constantly from Cossacks, Crimean Tatars, and even from its own troops mutinying in the new borderland.

However, by 1691, the city was stable and prosperous enough to support a customs house. Salt had emerged as a primary good, and the settlement maintained a small population while attempting to develop a stable agricultural home base in the region. However, it was only after arrival of the arrival of the Volga-Don railroad in 1862 that urban development began on a much larger scale.

The city was transformed into a transportation hub serving the surrounding agricultural industries and wider trade networks connecting the Black and Caspian Seas to the West and East and Moscow to the North.

Soviet Volgograd

Insensitivity of Russian agriculture as of 2006. Red is most intensive; light blue is least intensive. Volgograd lies at the southern end of Russia’s fertile, well-watered, and accessible agricultural region. Graph source: IIASA

Shortly after the city had developed into a major commercial center, the Russian revolution occurred. The city was captured early on by Bolshevik troops and, although Tsarist forces made several attempts to capture the strategic location, it remained under the control of the Red Army for the vast majority of the Russian civil war.

Stalin’s Five-Year Plans eventually turned the city into a major industrial center and continued to develop its transport infrastructure. Grand long-term designs can again be seen in the decision to rename the city “Stalingrad” in 1925.

The strategic city was once again the site of fierce fighting during WWII. The Nazis attempted an aerial blitzkrieg, turning most of the city to ruble early in the war. The battle raged for nearly a year and half, with the Nazis nearly taking the entire city and then being pushed back in one of the most dramatic and bloody battles in all of world history. Well over one million military and civilian casualties were sustained.

Early riverport infrastructure in Tsaritsyn. Detail from pre-revolutionary postcard. Source: Wikicommons.

Mill Gerhart, a granary founded by Alexander Gerhart, a descendant of Volga Germans who colonized the Lower Volga region in the late 18th century, remained one of the city’s few Soviet holdouts as the Nazis advanced. The tall, strong mill had easy access to Volga and served as a fortress for the Soviets, withstanding constant heavy bombardment. Today, the remains of the building have been left as they were as a reminder and testament to the city’s agricultural origins and continued resilience.

With the advent of the Volga-Don canal in 1952, Volgograd gained a direct water route to the Black Sea, providing inexpensive and easy access to the Mediterranean, Atlantic, and beyond. The Soviets then used Volgograd, far inland and well-protected from naval forces, as a major shipbuilding port and steel production center, fed in part from the upstream Ural Mountains. These industries remain a large part of Volgograd’s economic presence in the region.

One of the Volgograd region’s crowning achievements was the construction of the Volga Hydroelectric Station, the largest of its kind in Europe. Since its completion in 1961, the station has proved an economic boon to Volgograd, providing jobs, a source of renewable energy, and irrigation opportunities. Commerce and transport in the region have also benefited, as the dam also serves as bridge linking rail and road networks over the Volga.

In large part fueled by the dam’s continuing construction, Volgograd saw a major a population boom in the 1950s. An entirely new “micro city”, Volzhskiy, formed on the opposite bank of the Volga to support workers there. Today, Volzhskiy has grown significantly, and is considered essentially a suburb of Volgograd.

Another, perhaps better-known construction project is “The Motherland Calls!” statue, completed in 1967. Standing atop Mamayev Kurgan, the site of heated conflict during the Battle of Stalingrad, the statue is a 279-foot tall allegorical representation of Mother Russia. Today, it is one of the area’s major tourist attractions.

Modern Volgograd: Industry and Environment

Evidence of Volgograd’s industrial past and present is noticeable throughout the city. Its busy river port, a gathering place for the city’s locals, processes over 10 million tons of cargo annually. Oil, minerals, and grain top the list, indicative of the region. Factories dot the banks of the Volga, including the Red October steel factory and the iconic Volgograd Tractor Factory, famous for once supplying equipment and tanks to the Red Army during WWII.

Today, a third of the population works in the industrial sector. However, environmental problems also plague the city and its river. In addition to industrial pollutants, Volgograd’s urban sprawl, which snakes along an incredible 50 miles of the Volga, and low population density, contribute to long commutes and high emissions from road transport. Even the creation of Volgograd’s prized dam has endangered local fish and wildlife.

To help alleviate these problems, in 2011, for the first time in almost three decades, the metro was extended to include three new stations in more heavily residential neighborhoods south of the city center. The Volgograd Bridge was completed in 2009, a 13-year-long engineering project that hopes to create a new “East-West” transport corridor providing easier access to Central Asian republics, as well as the Russian cities of Saratov and Astrakhan. In 2005, Volgograd broke ground on “Volgograd City,” a major business and residential development complex that aims to increase population density and thus reduce the need to commute.

Volgograd’s river port, while currently serving as a dated, multi-purpose entertainment complex, has plans to partner with the neighboring port in Volzhskiy in developing a new large-capacity terminal, as well as an extensive modernization and enlargement of Volzhskiy’s port. Other proposed long-term waterfront projects include an aquarium, a port history museum, and restaurants featuring local cuisine. Coupled with plans to completely overhaul the city’s aging airport and stadium in its preparations as a host city for the 2018 World Cup, Volgograd obviously has its sights set on maintaining its status as a strategic transport hub.

Volgograd is working to improve its capacity as a tourist destination as well, attracting visitors from across Russia and beyond. IN addition to “The Mother Land Calls,” this “Hero City” pays tribute to its war-torn past with its Alley of Heroes in the city center, a who’s who of fallen soldiers and Red Army patriots. The Panorama Museum of the Battle of Stalingrad contains artifacts from the war, as well as a full panoramic view of the defeat of the German forces in Stalingrad.

More recently, Volgograd has become a popular ecotourism destination, due in part to its reservoir, river cruises, and overall favorable climate. The Volga-Akhtubin floodplain, one of the last untouched areas of the Volga river valley, is especially renowned for its wildlife and abundance of lakes.

Modern Volgograd: Politics and Government

Volgograd, home to some one million people, is also the capital of its surrounding oblast, which is also known as Volgograd. Both political entities have been the site of several many post-Soviet scandals and upsets.

Politically, the Communists have remained relatively strong in the area. Roman Grebennikov, a young, body-building Communist was the elected mayor of Volgograd in 2007 in what, at the time, was a major political upset for the ruling United Russia Party.

The new, strong-willed mayor continued to make waves, clashing with the United-Russia-controlled city duma and Anatoly Brovko, the governor of the Volgograd Oblast, and also a United Russia member. Eventually the governor led a major push to abolish the office of mayor and replace it with a “city manager” position that would be appointed and beholden by the city duma.

Grebennikov was removed from office in 2011. He was the third Volgograd region mayor in just 18 months to be dismissed. Rallies were held in his support but Volgograd remains to this day with only an “acting head” rather than a mayor.

In early 2012, Brovko himself stepped down after United Russia faired relatively poorly in the Federal Duma elections held in his oblast. He had never been popular and was widely accused of leading attempts to tamper with the vote to improve United Russia’s results against the rival Communists. His replacement, Sergey Bozhenov, was almost immediately hit will allegations of corruption soon after taking office. However, he has also since created public councils of influential regional officials geared towards proactive problem solving and taken many other actions that have served to invite participation of the public in local governance. His support, as well at that for United Russia, has been rising.

This year, a popular referendum decreed that Volgograd will temporarily change its name to Stalingrad several times per year on days that coincide with military holidays. This decision embodies the mindset of a city whose past is so undeniably intertwined with its present.

Volgograd Today: A Tale of Two Cities

Volgograd’s modern embankment is a popular hangout spot for locals. Photo by the author.

Culturally and demographically, Volgograd, like many areas of the Russian southwest, exhibits influences of various regions, interweaving cuisine, entertainment, and ethnic backgrounds from Russia, Central Asia, the Middle East, and the Caucasus.

In contrast to its more grizzled reputation as an industrial mecca, Volgograd has long nurtured a strong appreciation for the arts and education. It boasts numerous institutes of higher education, including Volgograd State Pedagogical University, one of the oldest and largest institutes of higher learning in the Volga region.

An active theater culture has flourished in Volgograd since the time of the tsars, and, during the Communist heyday of the 1960s and 1970s, venues such as the Volgograd Municipal Musical Theater attracted droves of Soviet playwrights to its Volga riverfront location. In 1992, the State Don Cossack Theater was founded. It remains the only theater in Russia dedicated to Cossack traditions. Similarly, Volgograd’s puppet theater, dating back to 1936, stages performances steeped in local, regional, and Russian folklore.

Stepping into Volgograd is, in a sense, stepping into a tale of two cities. From the grit of industry and war has emerged a slightly more polished and invigorated metropolis. With an eye on the future, Volgograd has begun to attract investment to build a more modernized industrial river port and business center of the Russian southwest. There is little doubt Volgograd will continue to grow, expand, and surprise, having always occupied a strategic and pivotal position in Russia.

About the Author

Josh Wilson

Josh has been with SRAS since 2003. He holds an M.A. in Theatre and a B.A. in History from Idaho State University, where his masters thesis was written on the political economy of Soviet-era censorship organs affecting the stage. He lived in Moscow from 2003-2022, where he ran Moscow operations for SRAS. At SRAS, Josh still assists in program development and leads our internship programs . He is also the editor-in-chief for the SRAS newsletter , the SRAS Family of Sites , and Vestnik . He has previously served as Communications Director to Bellerage Alinga and has served as a consultant or translator to several businesses and organizations with interests in Russia.

Program attended: All Programs

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Brandon Para

Brandon Para holds a BA in Political Science and Certificate in Russian and East European Studies. He spent several months in Volgograd teaching English with Language Link. He previously participated on SRAS's Russian Studies Program in Moscow.

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Bill O’Brien

​206-849-8497.

Long-time Maritime Professional Bill O’Brien returns to the Elliott Bay Yacht Sales family, and will be working in the Seattle office while also handling listings in the North Sound including Everett and Anacortes.

​Bill spent 12 years as an instructor at Elliott Bay Yachting Center and managed their north fleet. He was a broker at Elliott Bay Yacht Sales for a few years before spending 15 years as the facilities manager at Elliott Bay Marina.