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Cartoons​/​Sailboats Are White Split Cassette

Veto Compact Disc Maxi-Single

The Pirate's Life Anthology

sailboats are white Hamilton, Ontario

As completely incidental as it may seem, the acronym for Sailboats Are White is in fact SAW. Coincidence? Perhaps, but it's also a pretty accurate musical description. You see, saws are used to cut through things like bone, metal and possibly wood; likewise though, Sailboats' music is just as fierce, cutting and destructive to the senses as say, a lumberjack's saw would be to a maple tree. ...   more

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The Reason Behind Different Sail Colors

The color of a sail is normally the result of the type of fiber used in the manufacturing process. Some types of sailcloth can also be colored or painted to achieve the desired appearance.

Sails have been a normal sight since the early days of sailing ships cruising the seven seas. It was common to see red sails on the old Viking ships and the Chinese Junk rigs, but white or yellow sails were the most dominant color back then.

Nowadays, we mostly see white sails around us, except for those on racing boats. But other colors are becoming more apparent as previously exotic materials have become more available to everyone.

To truly understand the reason behind the different sail colors, we need to go back through history to learn how it has impacted our modern trends.

Historical sailcloth and how it was colored

There was a reason for the colorful sails back in the old days. While the Vikings wove and colored their sails from wool until the 14th century, Linen eventually became the preferred material in the Western world.

Linen was used until the 19th century but was a heavy fabric to use as sails grew. They started implementing cotton, which later became more popular since it made the sails lighter. However, it didn’t replace Linen because of its higher strength, and the two fabrics were continuously used for different purposes.

Wool, Linen, and Cotton were often sealed with a composition of tar for protection, which often resulted in sails appearing yellow or brown. Ochre or silk was sometimes added to the mix to color the sails differently.

In the late 20th century, synthetic fibers were introduced and have since been used up until now. Polyester woven fabric, or Dacron as trademarked by DuPont, was introduced in the 1950s and was far superior to Linen and Cotton. As a result, it was pretty much the only reliable fabric used in sails up until around 1980.

The history of laminate sails and their colors

An inventor, textile engineer, and local sailing legend called Russ was playing around with Mylar panels sometime back in the 1940s and 50s. He made a template of wood with the shape of a mainsail and glued together the Mylar panels to form a sail for his dinghy.

The prototype worked well, showed no signs of stretch under sail, and kept its shape perfectly. It did have a big drawback, though. Since Mylar is transparent, Russ suffers from the glaring sun magnified through the sail, and he can only endure it for short moments at a time.

Little did he know that he might be the founding father of what later became sailing laminates. Later on, others took over his work and eventually managed to glue Dacron and Mylar together, making the first known laminate sail. In the 1977 America’s Cup, the racing team onboard Enterprise sported a Genoa reinforced by Mylar, making them the first racing boat using a laminate sail.

This was just the beginning of what eventually became the industry standard.

Back in the early 1970s, there was high demand for more stretch-resistant sail cloth, especially in the racing industry, and the companies in the business started experimenting with laminates.

Many attempts with various fibers failed in the beginning due to unreliability, but by the 1980s, the manufacturers were on track with their developments.

In 1992, again during America’s Cup, America3 was the first boat to fly North Sails’ 3DL laminate. It had taken them three years and $12 million to develop the technology which would later dominate sailboat racing. The original sails were almost transparent like Russ’s sail, but North’s eventually changed the color to dark grey.

Ten years later, North introduced the 3Di sails in matt black, and most other manufacturers followed the trend.

Some related and frequently asked questions

Why are sails black.

Some laminate sails are black due to being manufactured with carbon fibers or black-pigmented aramid fibers. Others have a black taffeta to make the sail appear black.

Carbon is exceptionally strong and lightweight and gives the sail excellent performance. Since most racing boats these days have followed North Sails’ example with black sails, it has become a popular trend and a symbol of speed .

Carbon sails don’t have to be black, but they sure look awesome and trendy!

Why are sails yellow?

Laminate sails can appear yellow or golden when constructed with yellow aramid fibers such as Kevlar®, Twaron®, or Technora® with a light-colored taffeta on top.

Carbon fibered laminate sails have a high price tag, but there are many cruising laminates at a reasonable price, and they have become more regular in the leisure market in the last few years.

Why are sails white?

Today’s most commonly used sails are white because they are manufactured using a fabric called Dacron, made by spinning naturally white polyester fibers into a yarn and then woven into cloth.

Technology has advanced over the years, and many stronger woven fabrics are available today, like the Hydra Net weaved with Dyneema. However, Dacron sails are still the most popular choice today due to their extreme durability and relatively low price.

The benefits of white sails

• It is easier to see the telltales and shapes on a white sail at night.
• A powerful torch can light up a white sail like a giant lamp, making it easy for anyone nearby to see you in case you want to make yourself visible.
• White sails are cheaper to buy than colored sails. Some sailmakers can deliver sails in various colors, but they usually keep the stock in the fabric’s natural shade. Making a special order can get pricey.
• It looks great and traditional to fly bright white sails, just like the ships in the old days. Others might not agree, but I think a white sail carries some symbolism and can, in a way, honor our ancestors’ sailors.

The d rawbacks of white sails

• Dirt and mold show quickly and don’t look good. You should clean and service your sails, of course, but at some point, those stains will stick.
• Color degradation happens over time, and the sails will look yellowish with age. I can testify to discolored old sails as I recently replaced my Mainsail and Genoa and was almost blinded by how bright the new ones were.
• Bright white can get blinding in the sun. Wearing sunglasses makes a short process of the problem, though, and I think the benefits of a white sail outweigh the downsides.

Why are some sails colorful?

Light-wind sails, such as spinnakers, often get seen in many combinations of colors. These sails are usually made of nylon due to the fabric’s low weight and high tensile strength. Since nylon is easily dyed, you often get to choose from various patterns and colors when you order them.

My gennaker, a.k.a. “Big Red,” is…well, red. And it looks awesome!

Others even take it a step further and have their logo printed on the sail, which I think looks excellent. Seeing the big, colorful ballooners fly in front of the boat on a sweet downwind sail will probably bring out smiles in most of us.

How long do sails last?

Sails can last anything from 2-20 years, depending on the type of sail, sailcloth used, and how well it is cared for. Laminate sails usually have the shortest lifespan, while dacron and hybrid cloth last a good while longer.

How long your sail will last depends on what type of sail you choose. What type of sail you choose depends on what you want to use the sails for, and so on. I actually wrote an article about the expected lifespan of sails and included some ways to make them last longer!

The Expected Lifespan Of Sails And 8 Tips To Make Them Last Longer

Final words

Whether you prefer white, black, or colorful sails, you will find something that suits you. Maybe you are like me, who likes traditional white over trendy black, or perhaps you want to chip in a few extra bucks and get yourself sails in blue.

History has taught us a lot about sails. Not just in the sense of technology development but also in the way the most extreme sailors in the business have influenced the trends.

What type of sail do you prefer, and in what color? Leave your comment below !

Sources: Wikipedia , North Sails , Scuttlebutt , Afloat , Boat Design , itBoat

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Skipper, Electrician and ROV Pilot

Robin is the founder and owner of Sailing Ellidah and has been living on his sailboat since 2019. He is currently on a journey to sail around the world and is passionate about writing his story and helpful content to inspire others who share his interest in sailing.

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17 Sailboat Types Explained: How To Recognize Them

Ever wondered what type of sailboat you're looking at? Identifying sailboats isn't hard, you just have to know what to look for. In this article, I'll help you.

Every time I'm around a large number of sailboats, I look around in awe (especially with the bigger ones). I recognize some, but with most of them, I'll have to ask the owner. When they answer, I try to hide my ignorance. The words don't make any sense!

So here's a complete list with pictures of the most common sailboat types today. For each of them, I'll explain exactly where the name comes from, and how you can recognize it easily.

So here's my list of popular sailboat types, explained:

Bermuda sloop, sailing hydrofoil, dutch barge, chinese junk, square-rigged tall ship, in conclusion, how to recognize any sailboat.

Before we get started, I wanted to quickly explain what you should look for when you try to identify a sailboat.

The type of sailboat is always determined by one of these four things:

• The type of hull
• The type of keel
• The number of masts
• And the type of sails and rig

The hull is the boat's body. There are basically three hull types: monohull, catamaran, and trimaran. Simply said: do I see one hull, two hulls (catamaran) or three hulls (trimaran)? Most sailboats are monohulls.

Next, there is the keel type. The keel is the underwater part of the hull. Mostly, you won't be able to see that, because it's underwater. So we'll leave that for now.

The sail plan

The last factor is the number of masts and the sail plan. The sail plan, simply put, is the number of sails, the type of sails, and how the sails are mounted to the masts (also called rigging ).

Sailboat are mostly named after the sail plan, but occasionally, a sail type is thrown in there as well.

So now we know what to pay attention to, let's go and check out some sailboats!

Dinghies are the smallest and most simple sailboats around.

They are your typical training sailboats. Small boats with an open hull, with just one mast and one sail. Perfect for learning the ways of the wind.

On average, they are between 6 and 20 ft long. Mostly sailed single-handed (solo). There's no special rigging, just the mainsail. The mainsail is commonly a Bermuda (triangular) mainsail. Dinghies have a simple rudder stick and no special equipment or rigging.

Dinghies are great for learning how to sail. The smaller the boat, the better you feel the impact of your trim and actions.

How to recognize a sailing dinghy:

• short (8ft)
• one Bermuda sail
• open hull design
• rudder stick

Common places to spot them: lakes, near docks

If you'd ask a kid to draw a sailboat, she'll most probably draw this one. The Bermuda Sloop is the most popular and most common sailboat type today. You'll definitely recognize this one.

How to recognize a Bermuda Sloop:

• triangular mainsail (called a Bermuda sail)
• a foresail (also called the jib)
• fore-and-aft rigged
• medium-sized (12 - 50 ft)

Fore-and-aft rigged just means "from front to back". This type of rigging helps to sail upwind.

Any sailboat with one mast and two sails could still be a sloop. Even if the sails are another shape or rigged in another way. For example, here's a gaff-rigged sloop (more on the gaff rig later):

If you want to learn all about sail rigs, check out my full Guide to Understanding Sail Rig Types here. It has good infographics and explains it in more detail

The Bermuda sloop has a lot of advantages over other sailboat types (which is why it's so popular):

• the Bermuda rig is very maneuverable and pretty fast in almost all conditions
• it's really versatile
• you can sail it by yourself without any problems
• it's a simple setup

Common places to spot a sloop: everywhere. Smaller sloops are more common for inland waters, rivers, and lakes. Medium-sized and large sloops are very popular cruising boats.

Cutters have one mast but three or more sails. Most cutters are Bermuda rigged, which means they look a lot like sloops.

How to recognize a cutter:

• looks like a sloop
• two or more headsails instead of one
• commonly one mast
• sometimes an extra mast with mainsail

Cutters have more sail area, which makes them faster, but also harder to sail single-handed. There's also more strain on the mast and rigging.

Common places to spot a cutter: everywhere. Cutters are very popular for cruising.

They mostly have a Bermuda rig, which means triangular sails. But there are also gaff cutters and naval cutters, and some have two masts.

Here's an example of a two-masted naval cutter with an extra gaff mainsail and top gaff:

The Hydrofoil is a pretty new sailboat design. It's a racing sailboat with thin wing foils under the hull. These lift up the hull, out of the water, reducing the displacement to nearly zero. The foils create downforce and keep it from lifting off entirely.

This makes the hydrofoil extremely fast and also impressive.

The hydrofoil refers to the keel type. There are both monohull and multihull hydrofoils.

How to recognize a hydrofoil:

• it flies above the waterline and has small fins

Common places to spot a hydrofoil: at racing events

Famous catamaran: La Vagabonde from Sailing La Vagabonde

A catamaran is a type of cruising and racing multihull sailboat with two hulls. The hulls are always the same size.

Most catamarans have a standard Bermuda rig. The catamaran refers to the hull, so it can have any number of masts, sails, sail types and rig type.

How to recognize a catamaran:

• any boat with two hulls is called a catamaran

Common places to spot catamarans: coastal waters, The Caribbean, shallow reefs

The advantages of a catamaran: Catamarans heel less than monohulls and are more buoyant. Because of the double hull, they don't need as deep a keel to be stable. They have a smaller displacement, making them faster. They also have a very shallow draft. That's why catamarans are so popular in the Caribbean, where there's lots of shallow water.

Catamarans are nearly impossible to capsize:

"Compared with a monohull, a cruising catamaran sailboat has a high initial resistance to heeling and capsize—a fifty-footer requires four times the force to initiate a capsize than an equivalent monohull." Source: Wikipedia

How to recognize a trimaran:

• any boat with three hulls is called a trimaran

Trimarans have three hulls, so it's a multi-hull design. It's mostly a regular monohull with two smaller hulls or floaters on the sides. Some trimarans can be trailered by winching in the auxiliary hulls, like this:

This makes them very suitable for long-term cruising, but also for regular docking. This is great for crowded areas and small berths, like in the Mediterranean. It sure is more cost-effective than the catamaran (but you also don't have the extra storage and living space!).

Common places to spot Trimarans: mostly popular for long-term cruising, you'll find the trimaran in coastal areas.

Gaffer refers to gaff-rigged, which is the way the sails are rigged. A gaff rig is a rectangular sail with a top pole, or 'spar', which attaches it to the mast. This pole is called the 'gaff'. To hoist the mainsail, you hoist this top spar with a separate halyard. Most gaffers carry additional gaff topsails as well.

Gaff rigs are a bit less versatile than sloops. Because of the gaff, they can have a larger sail area. So they will perform better with downwind points of sail. Upwind, however, they handle less well.

How to recognize a gaffer:

• sail is rectangular
• mainsail has a top pole (or spar)

Since a gaffer refers to the rig type, and not the mast configuration or keel type, all sailboats with this kind of rigging can be called 'gaffers'.

Common places to spot a gaffer: Gaffers are popular inland sailboats. It's a more traditional rig, being used recreationally.

Schooners used to be extremely popular before sloops took over. Schooners are easy to sail but slower than sloops. They handle better than sloops in all comfortable (cruising) points of sail, except for upwind.

How to recognize a schooner:

• mostly two masts
• smaller mast in front
• taller mast in the back
• fore-and-aft rigged sails
• gaff-rigged mainsails (spar on top of the sail)

Common places to spot a schooner: coastal marinas, bays

How to recognize a ketch:

• medium-sized (30 ft and up)
• smaller mast in back
• taller mast in front
• both masts have a mainsail

The ketch refers to the sail plan (mast configuration and type of rig). Ketches actually handle really well. The back mast (mizzenmast) powers the hull, giving the skipper more control. Because of the extra mainsail, the ketch has shorter masts. This means less stress on masts and rigging, and less heel.

Common places to spot a ketch: larger marinas, coastal regions

How to recognize a yawl:

• main mast in front
• much smaller mast in the back
• back mast doesn't carry a mainsail

The aft mast is called a mizzenmast. Most ketches are gaff-rigged, so they have a spar at the top of the sail. They sometimes carry gaff topsails. They are harder to sail than sloops.

The yawl refers to the sail plan (mast configuration and type of rig).

Common places to spot a yawl: they are not as popular as sloops, and most yawls are vintage sailboat models. You'll find most being used as daysailers on lakes and in bays.

Dutch Barges are very traditional cargo ships for inland waters. My hometown is literally littered with a very well-known type of barge, the Skutsje. This is a Frisian design with leeboards.

Skutsjes don't have a keel but use leeboards for stability instead, which are the 'swords' or boards on the side of the hull.

How to recognize a Dutch Barge:

• most barges have one or two masts
• large, wooden masts
• leeboards (wooden wings on the side of the hull)
• mostly gaff-rigged sails (pole on top of the sail, attached to mast)
• a ducktail transom

The clipper is one of the latest sailboat designs before steam-powered vessels took over. The cutter has a large cargo area for transporting cargo. But they also needed to be fast to compete with steam vessels. It's a large, yet surprisingly fast sailboat model, and is known for its good handling.

This made them good for trade, especially transporting valuable goods like tea or spices.

How to recognize a Clipper:

• mostly three masts
• square-rigged sails
• narrow but long, steel hull

Common places to spot a clipper: inland waters, used as houseboats, but coastal waters as well. There are a lot of clippers on the Frisian Lakes and Waddenzee in The Netherlands (where I live).

This particular junk is Satu, from the Chesapeake Bay Area.

The Chinese Junk is an ancient type of sailboat. Junks were used to sail to Indonesia and India from the start of the Middle Ages onward (500 AD). The word junk supposedly comes from the Chinese word 'jung', meaning 'floating house'.

How to recognize a Chinese junk:

• medium-sized (30 - 50 ft)
• large, flat sails with full-length battens
• stern (back of the hull) opens up in a high deck
• mostly two masts (sometimes one)
• with two mainsails, sails are traditionally maroon
• lug-rigged sails

The junk has a large sail area. The full-length battens make sure the sails stay flat. It's one of the flattest sails around, which makes it good for downwind courses. This also comes at a cost: the junk doesn't sail as well upwind.

The cat rig is a sail plan with most commonly just one mast and one sail, the mainsail.

Most sailing dinghies are cats, but there are also larger boats with this type of sail plan. The picture above is a great example.

How to recognize a cat rig:

• smaller boats
• mostly one mast
• one sail per mast
• no standing rigging

Cat-rigged refers to the rigging, not the mast configuration or sail type. So you can have cats with a Bermuda sail (called a Bermuda Cat) or gaff-rigged sail (called a Gaff Cat), and so on. There are also Cat Ketches and Cat Schooners, for example. These have two masts.

The important thing to know is: cats have one sail per mast and no standing rigging .

Most typical place to spot Cats: lakes and inland waters

Famous brig: HMS Beagle (Charles Darwin's ship)

A brig was a very popular type of small warship of the U.S. navy during the 19th century. They were used in the American Revolution and other wars with the United Kingdom. They carry 10-18 guns and are relatively fast and maneuverable. They required less crew than a square-rigged ship.

How to recognize a brig:

• square-rigged foremast
• mainmast square-rigged or square-rigged and gaff-rigged

How to recognize a tall ship:

• three or four masts
• square sails with a pole across the top
• multiple square sails on each mast
• a lot of lines and rigging

Square-rigged ships, or tall ships, are what we think of when we think of pirate ships. Now, most pirate ships weren't actually tall ships, but they come from around the same period. They used to be built from wood, but more modern tall ships are nearly always steel.

Tall ships have three or four masts and square sails which are square-rigged. That means they are attached to the masts with yards.

We have the tall ship races every four years, where dozens of tall ships meet and race just offshore.

Most common place to spot Tall Ships: Museums, special events, open ocean

This is a bonus type since it is not very common anymore. As far as I know, there's only one left.

The Trabaccolo is a small cargo ship used in the Adriatic Sea. It has lug sails. A lug rig is a rectangular sail, but on a long pole or yard that runs fore-and-aft. It was a popular Venetian sailboat used for trade.

The name comes from the Italian word trabacca , which means tent, referring to the sails.

How to recognize a Trabaccolo:

• wide and short hull
• sails look like a tent

Most common place to spot Trabaccolo's: the Marine Museum of Cesenatico has a fully restored Trabaccolo.

So, there you have it. Now you know what to look for, and how to recognize the most common sailboat types easily. Next time you encounter a magnificent sailboat, you'll know what it's called - or where to find out quickly.

I loved this article. I had no idea there were so many kinds of sailboats.

i have a large sailing boat about 28ft. that im having a difficult time identifying. it was my fathers & unfortunately hes passed away now. any helpful information would be appreciated.

Jorge Eusali Castro Archbold

I find a saleboat boat but i can find the módem…os registré out off bru’x, and the saleboat name is TADCOZ, can you tell me who to go about this matter in getting info.thank con voz your time…

Leave a comment

You may also like, guide to understanding sail rig types (with pictures).

There are a lot of different sail rig types and it can be difficult to remember what's what. So I've come up with a system. Let me explain it in this article.

The Ultimate Guide to Sail Types and Rigs (with Pictures)

How Much Sailboats Cost On Average (380+ Prices Compared)

Tiny Mix Tapes

Styles: an uncontainable din of shrieks, digi-drums, synths, and ploppy guitars Others: Hot Hot Heat circa {Scenes One Through Thirteen} and that split with Red Light Sting (believe it foo), Le Joshua, IfIHadAHiFi, Daniel Striped Tiger

I was convinced punk was a lifeless, bloated corpse, arrogant even in death, unhitching the bottom hatch of its compartmentalized pants to show us all its pasty white ass at the open-casket funeral of CBGB. People — i.e., voracious promoters — tried to tell me they saw punk live and in the flesh at some truck-stop diner in the middle of nowhere, but I never believed 'em. “Tell it to Darby Crash, you plug-ugly yeg,” I’d say before crushing out a cigarette in their left eye while they screamed for mercy like a squealing pig.

I was doubtful, to be sure. However, signs of life are emerging from the underground. It took a few years for punk to be revived à la Dawn of the Dead , but now that it’s drawn a few breaths into its corroded lungs, you can find activity all over the map in the work of bands like Le Joshua, Modern Machines, and even seemingly disparate electroshockers like The Mall. Some would say it was never dead, and I’m not gonna put their ignorant balls to the band saw just yet; I’m too busy digging the ever-fuck out of bands like Sailboats Are White.

Keep in mind that SAW don’t approach punk from the same angle as, say, The Germs. They’re too busy deconstructing their junkyard anthems with icy Joy Division synths. They’re too busy sousing the listener with sloppy-joe screams of “I love you/ You love me/ We’re a happy family” at the end of a song that has long lost its center.

They’re too busy rocking your god-fearing socks off, and lord bless them, they come on like gangbusters with Turbo! , an album that rocks your genitals harder than a vicious strain of herpes. Moreover, they keep the punk aesthetic alive through exceedingly snotty vocals and a thorough disregard for anyone and anything that you’ve heard before. Their press junket mentions MC5 and the like, but it’s mostly horseshit; MC5, to my knowledge, never employed drum machines, much less drum machines that make one wonder at the necessity of a living, breathing stick slasher. They also didn’t prod the conventions of brawl-rock so convincingly, if you want to get right down to the Ps and Qs of the matter.

And there you have it: I’ve committed punk sacrilege! But man, comparing a band favorably to the ’5 never felt so good. They’ll never be constantly discussed or revered like New York Dolls or the ’5, but Sailboats Are White are too good to remain secret for too long, too good to sink into the folds of a lost, overcrowded era in independent music where tastemakers are eagerly waiting to baste our noggins with the latest chalky retread. Modern punk quite possibly starts here, people.

1. Congratulations on the Goddamn Cherries2. Veto3. Led Eye4. Mutiny Disease5. It’s Exactly Four Seconds From Here to the Door, I’ll Give You Two6. S.A.W.7. How the East Was Lost8. Hand It to the Devil9. The Fourth Finger on My Left Hand10. Throwing the Fight11. Let’s Sex up North on Fire12. The Sex-Drive Thieves

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Foot Village shares details of new album on Northern Spy

John peel’s record collection soon to be made available online as virtual museum… those poor bbc interns, listen: xxx - love potion, clipping. release a 24-hour song, acapella tracks, and a remix album, thurston moore collaborates with bernie sanders campaign on new song, offers free vinyl to campaign contributors, music reviews, sun araw the saddle of the increate, skepta konnichiwa, kesha rainbow, kara-lis coverdale grafts, nmesh pharma.

Explained: The Real Reason Why Most Airplanes Are Painted White

Have you ever wondered why most planes are white?

Planes are insane if you think about it. Hear me out: you're physically going on a giant metal object weighing over 400 tonnes to a whole new location, with an entirely different timezone and culture. 

Despite the fact that planes have been around for almost a century... Anyway, if you've stuck with me this far, you might as well learn why planes are frequently painted white . 

Why are planes painted white?

So, according to Sandi Toksvig, host of BBC Two 's QI, there's a surprising reason why we don't fly in rainbow planes.

The group, who were discussing the "strange ways airlines cut costs," were taken aback when Toksvig disclosed that planes are typically painted white rather than black because "dark paint can add the equivalent weight of eight passengers." 

"Dark paint is heavier because it has more pigments in it," Toksvig said. "So, if you look at a plan, you'll see most of them are of a lighter colour." Menkor Aviation, which specializes in private jet charter, now claims that there are additional reasons why planes are painted white. "White is the colour that best reflects sunlight," it goes on to say. 

"You can compare the effect of white on cabin warming to wearing a white t-shirt in summer; it is always warmer to wear a dark t-shirt. The effect of white on a plane's fuselage can also be compared to applying sunscreen to your skin on a sunny day. Because white best reflects sun radiation, it helps to reduce potential harm." 

What are some other reasons?

White colour appears to lower the risk of birdstrike. "Although it may not be obvious at first glance, the white colour of an airplane has been shown to reduce the risk of bird strikes," Menkor Aviation says in a press release.

"The impact of birds in flight is a significant and frequent threat to aircraft safety." In the United States in 2019, there were 17,228 collisions between an airplane and a bird. 

"The white livery allows birds to better identify and avoid threats." Darker colour combinations lessen the contrast between the aircraft and the visual background, making it more difficult for birds to locate the aircraft and increasing the chance of a bird attack." 

What do you think about this? Tell us in the comments.

For more trending stories, follow us on  Telegram . 

Why did those sharks attack on June 7? Here's what the experts say

Although they all think the shark attacks on June 7 in South Walton were a tragedy, local charter boat captains are not surprised. 

"It’s just a matter of Mother Nature and opportunity,” said Capt. Gary Jarvis, who has been fishing out of Destin for more than four decades. 

“The problem is the shark population in the Gulf of Mexico is large and more prolific than it has ever been, at least in my lifetime,” Jarvis said. 

"There are more sharks now than there were 44 years ago ... because they banned any harvest of them,” Jarvis said, noting some sharks have been designated as endangered. 

Related shark coverage: After shark attacks in Florida, experts urge beachgoers not to panic

Jarvis said for the last decade they have talked to the National Marine Fisheries about the abundance of sharks and how things are getting out of balance. He said there is a false perception that sharks are endangered. 

“There are more people that swim in the water than before and there are more sharks in the water than ever before. So, the incident rate of shark bites is only going to go in one direction,” Jarvis said. 

A 45-year-old woman and two teen girls were injured the June 7 attacks , which happened about 90 minutes apart and about 4 miles apart.

Were conditions different on Friday, June 7, when the attacks happened?

“Sharks eat. That is what they do. They eat everything,” Jarvis said. The eat wave boards, beer cans, birds and even other sharks. 

The original story: Three people injured in two shark attacks; beaches closed in Walton County

“If that thing is hungry, he is going to try and eat whatever is close by. They just happen to be what was close by,” he said. 

“There was nothing different ... from a professional fisherman’s perspective,” Jarvis said. 

“I see hundreds of sharks every single day,” he said.  

Jarvis said they see 40 to 50 sharks every time they are bait fishing at the mouth of the pass. 

He also said he’s spotted a 6-foot bull shark swimming around his dock at the Ships Chandler in the harbor on several occasions. 

"And they are not really nice guys,” Jarvis said of the bull shark. 

“If I was a betting man, I’d probably say that most likely that was a bull shark that attacked the swimmers,” he said, noting that those sharks are really aggressive. 

Capt. Judah Barbee, who regularly shark fishes, was of the same opinion on the type of shark. 

“If I had to guess, I’d say a bull shark. They are being so aggressive right now. We had one latch on to the side of the boat the other day. You could hear it crunching the fiberglass,” Barbee said. 

Sharks are aggressive when mating

Barbee, who was shark fishing when contacted by a reporter for this story, said sharks are mating right now. 

“When sharks mate, they bite each other. They grab each other by the fin and hold while they are doing their thing. They bit each other up really bad ... aggressive, brutal. I think that is some of what’s going on,” Barbee said. 

'Definitely not geared up for that': Destin boat hooks 20-foot great white shark

He said when they catch shark right now, they show signs of bites, and the bites are fresh. 

“And when we reel one in, there’s another one right there with it ... which is usually a sign they are mating,” Barbee said. 

“I think it (the attacks) was confusion ... may have thought it was another shark. They are extremely aggressive when they are mating,” he said. 

Barbee said he usually sees sharks mating in May and June.  

Sharks follow the bait

In addition to mating, the sharks that attacked may have been looking for food. Barbee said they are chasing redfish, bait fish and some of the bigger shark are chasing tarpon. 

“They are just following the food,” Barbee said. “Nothing we can really do about it. 

Capt. Katie Anderson, who was out pompano fishing in South Walton early on June 7, said there has been a ton of bait close in lately. 

'Up close and personal': Local captains say catching a shark is a thrilling experience

“I just think they were further in because the bait was further in. Sharks are just following the bait.” 

In fact, Anderson said they spotted an 8-foot shark just swimming down the beach that morning. 

“The sharks are everywhere, from 12 inches of water out to 12,000 fathoms. There are no fences,” Jarvis said. 

“Sharks are in close, and they always have been, but not in the numbers they are now,” said Capt. Neill Finkel. 

“They’ve been protected now long enough. They need to at least have a season on them,” Finkel said. 

Finkel said they have been catching sharks less than a mile off the beach for the last 10 years on an everyday basis, and big sharks in the 400-pound range. 

Barbee, who was fishing on June 10 right off the beach, had already hooked 10 sharks in the first two hours of his charter trip. 

“We’ve been catching a ton of sharks, mainly bull sharks,” Barbee said. 

“There’s a lot of sharks ... that’s just the way it is,” Jarvis said. 

As for the attacks on June 7, Jarvis again said there was nothing “peculiar” about the situation. 

“It can happen again tomorrow, that’s what is unsettling ... or three months,” Jarvis said. 

An interview with Gavin Naylord, director of the Florida Program for Shark Research

To learn more about what could have caused the June 7 shark attacks, we spoke with Gavin Naylor, director of the Florida Program for Shark Research at the Florida Museum of Natural History, located on the campus of the University of Florida.

The first question for Naylor concerned the recent sightings of two Orcas , known as killer whales, just offshore Destin earlier in the week. In the days after the June 7 attacks, many on social media wondered whether the Orcas' presence Might have pushed sharks closer to shore.

Could this have caused sharks to come closer to shore?

"No," said Naylor.

Naylor explained that Orcas would necessarily target smaller sharks, like tiger or bull sharks, as those are found closer to shore, whereas Orcas are commonly found in much deeper water.

"We don't know anything about Orca behavior in the Gulf (of Mexico). There's no evidence that they're just targeting sharks whatsoever. So it's just a blind, transitive explanation based on rumor and little evidence. It's a stretch and there is no evidence to support it," Naylor said.

Naylor was asked if the increased sea-surface temperatures in the Gulf of Mexico likely caused sharks to come closer to shore. Naylor said the conditions were favorable for shark activity along with wind direction.

"Sea-surface temperatures with the right wind conditions can blow in some of the plankton close to the shore, and the plankton is fed on by menhaden, and menhaden is food for sharks. If the menhaden come in close, for whatever reason, the sharks will follow, and if there are people in the water, then you have a problem," Naylor said.

Naylor went over a single, unverified eyewitness account that on the date of the shark attacks, a freshwater estuary close to the location wasn't producing the amount of brackish water that had been seen on the days before the attacks.

Naylor explained that the outflow from these estuaries pushes water offshore. Without that flow, a "lens on salty water" would have the opportunity to come closer to the shore, creating an environment favorable for bait fish and sharks to be seen closer to shore.

Naylor was asked what residents and tourists can do to protect themselves from shark encounters. This includes wearing polarized sunglasses, staying away from bait fish, removing any reflective jewelry, staying in groups, avoiding swimming at dawn or dusk and, if bitten, reversing "peacefully" out of the water, facing the shark at all times.

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Russian military exercises in the Caribbean: Here's what to expect

By Alex Sundby

Updated on: June 12, 2024 / 8:15 PM EDT / CBS News

Three Russian ships and a nuclear-powered submarine arrived in Cuban waters Wednesday ahead of military exercises  in the Caribbean. While the exercises aren't considered a threat to the U.S., American ships were deployed to shadow the Russians, U.S. officials told CBS News.

The Russian warships  were seen arriving in Havana's harbor on Wednesday morning and were expected to stay in Cuba until Monday. White House national security adviser Jake Sullivan told reporters on Air Force One on Wednesday the U.S. was closely monitoring the Russian ships.

"We have seen this kind of thing before and we expect to see this kind of thing again," Sullivan said.

The U.S. intelligence community has assessed that the submarine is nuclear powered but it isn't carrying nuclear weapons, CBS News national security correspondent David Martin reported. White House national security spokesman John Kirby told CBS News senior White House and political correspondent Ed O'Keefe last week that there was no indication nuclear weapons would be "at play" during the vessels' time in the Caribbean.

What Russian ships are in Cuba?

According to the Cuban Foreign Ministry, the three Russian ships are a frigate, a fleet oil tanker and a salvage tug. The three ships and the submarine headed across the Atlantic separately, Martin reported.

Russia has used the frigate, the Admiral Gorshkov, to test its Zircon hypersonic cruise missiles , according to the Reuters news agency.

Two American destroyers and two ships that tow sonar equipment behind them were shadowing the submarine, Martin reported. Another destroyer and a U.S. Coast Guard cutter were shadowing the three Russian ships. The U.S. Navy also used little sailboats fitted with cameras, known as sail drones, to shadow the Russian ships as they got close to Cuba.

The Admiral Gorshkov and the submarine carried out drills in the Atlantic that simulated a missile strike on enemy ships, the Russian Defense Ministry said Tuesday, according to the Associated Press.

While the Russian ships are in Cuba, the U.S. Navy ships shadowing them are expected to wait for the Russians and continue shadowing them when they leave port, Martin reported.

The ships' arrival in Havana — which the Cuban Foreign Ministry said was expected to include the fanfare of one Russian ship firing 21 salvos in a salute to Cuba — comes ahead of Russia carrying out air and naval exercises in the Caribbean in the coming weeks, Martin reported.

The exercises, which will include long-range bombers, will be the first simultaneous air and naval maneuvers Russia has carried out in the Caribbean since 2019, Martin reported. The exercises will be conducted over the summer, culminating in a worldwide naval exercise in the fall.

"Clearly this is them signaling their displeasure about what we're doing for Ukraine ," Kirby told O'Keefe. "So we're going to watch it, we're going to monitor it, it's not unexpected. … But we don't anticipate, we don't expect that there'll be any imminent threat or any threat at all, quite frankly, to American national security in the region, in the Caribbean region, or anywhere else."

The Russian ships are expected to head to Venezuela after Cuba, but it's unclear what the submarine will do, Martin reported.

What was the Cuban missile crisis?

The events in the Caribbean are different from the Cuban missile crisis that happened over 60 years ago. The 1962 crisis unfolded after the U.S. discovered launch sites in Cuba for Soviet ballistic nuclear missiles.

Over the course of 13 days, the crisis brought the Soviet Union and the U.S. dangerously close to nuclear war. A potential conflict was averted when the Kennedy administration reached a deal with the Kremlin for the missiles to be removed from Cuba.

Alex Sundby is a senior editor at CBSNews.com. In addition to editing content, Alex also covers breaking news, writing about crime and severe weather as well as everything from multistate lottery jackpots to the July Fourth hot dog eating contest.

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Demi Moore on Full Frontal Nudity With Margaret Qualley in ‘The Substance’: ‘A Very Vulnerable Experience’ but I Had a ‘Great Partner Who I Felt Very Safe With’

Demi Moore ‘s new film, the feminist body horror “ The Substance ,” sees her bare it all, with several scenes featuring full nudity. At the Cannes Film Festival press conference for the film on Monday, the 61-year-old actor discussed the “vulnerable experience.”

“Going into it, it was really spelled out — the level of vulnerability and rawness that was really required to tell the story,” Moore said. “And it was a very vulnerable experience and just required a lot of sensitivity and a lot of conversation about what we were trying to accomplish.”

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“I had someone who was a great partner who I felt very safe with. We obviously were quite close  — naked — and we also got a lot of levity in those moments at how absurd those certain situations were,” she said. “But ultimately. it’s just about really directing your communication and mutual trust.”

As the film progresses, Moore becomes horribly disfigured thanks to the abuse her other half Qualley is inflicting on her. By the film’s last act, she quite resembles Anjelica Huston from the 1990 film “The Witches,” after she transforms into a humpback abomination.

Dennis Quaid also stars in the film as an “asshole,” as he described his character during the presser. The late Ray Liotta was meant to have the role before his passing in May 2022, and Quaid dedicated his performance to him.

“In my heart, I dedicated this role to Ray Liotta, who was set to play it,” Quaid said. “It was this week, two years ago that he passed, so I’d like to remember him. He was such an incredible actor.”

Cannes went wild for “The Substance” at its premiere on Sunday night, giving the film an 11-minute standing ovation , the longest of the fest so far.

In an interview with Variety , the French director discussed the film’s feminist themes, saying that body horror is “the perfect vehicle to express the violence all these women’s issues are about.”

With an undercurrent of #MeToo at this year’s festival as the movement grows in France, Fargeat hopes the film will shine even more light on the issue. “It’s a little stone in the huge wall we still have to build regarding this issue, and to be honest, I hope my film will also be one of the stones of that wall. That’s really what I intended to do with it.”

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Trump supporters, protestors turn out for MAGA Boat Parade in metro Detroit

By air, by land and by lake, supporters and opponents of Donald Trump flocked to metro Detroit on Saturday to get their message out. 

A "Make America Great Again" Boat Parade, organized to coincide with the former president’s 78th birthday, which was Friday, flooded Lake St. Clair with red, white and blue through the afternoon. What appeared to be a few hundred boats, decked out in American flags and "Trump 2024" banners, sailed along the shoreline from Nine Mile Tower toward Hart Plaza. For supporters of the parade, the day’s theme was clear: community unity. 

“We’re celebrating President Trump, Trump’s birthday, Father’s day, unity in the community,” said Rob Cortis, who mans a repurposed ambulance with an attached trailer with “Trump Unity” spelled out in massive letters. He calls it, appropriately, the Trump Unity Bridge. As he spoke, a speaker on the vehicle blasted Barry Manilow’s "Copacabana."

“We want to put America first, we want to put the working man first and put the people first,” said Cortis.

The boat parade was scheduled to end in the Detroit River near Hart Plaza in downtown Detroit around 4 p.m. At the same time, Trump spoke at a roundtable at a Detroit church. At 6 p.m., Trump was at Huntington Place making the keynote speech for The People's Convention. Turning Point Action, a conservative nonprofit, hosted Trump as keynote speaker at gathering. The three-day event touted a roster of big name republicans, including Donald Trump Jr., U.S. Representative Marjorie Taylor Greene and Trump’s former Chief of Staff, Steve Bannon.

Prep for the polls: See who is running for president and compare where they stand on key issues in our Voter Guide

“I think he’s reaching out,” said Mark Miller, who set up to watch the day’s festivities with his family from a park along the water. “Michigan has always been close, but Detroit has always been not for Trump. I’m impressed that he’s here.” 

Debbie Lambert, another parader, has been a supporter since Trump’s 2016 run. She hopes his visit to Michigan will help other people in her state “see everything that’s going on, that people open their eyes to really be awake,” she said. She thinks Trump’s recent criminal conviction in New York is an effort to keep voters from casting ballots for who they want. 

“We’ve been to many rallies,” she said. “It’s like-minded people supporting Trump.”

In tandem with the waterbound, the group Bikers for Trump headed up a road route for the parade. A school of motorcycles sporting MAGA flags and moving 20 miles per hour were followed by the Trump unity bridge and a dozen or so cars. That group drove down the shore and pulled off to regroup at Beaumont Hospital in Grosse Pointe. Later, a smaller fleet circled Hart Plaza in parallel to the flotilla. At the intersection, cars honked in support. Others lowered their windows and shouted to express disdain. 

A few protesters gathered to represent an independent movement of Detroiters against Trump, not tied to any political party, said Mark Airgood, one of the demonstrators. “There is no way Detroit welcomes Trump,” he said. “We know that the vast majority of Detroiters stand with us, against Trump and against the racism he spreads.” 

Several different groups of The People’s Convention attendees lingered nearby to observe the protesters as they marched in circles next to the Joe Louis "The Fist" monument, shouting into mega-horns and touting signs.

Perry Everson, a young Detroiter, stood by the crowd with a Trump sign. He’d come out to show his support for the parade. He’s hoping to see more Black voters for Trump in the coming election, but respects that there are alternative views. “I support everyone, everyone has their own opinion,” he said. 

A similar dynamic played out in the air: Small planes criss-crossed over the lake with banners in tow. One read “Trump 2024.” Another, paid for by the Democratic National Committee, read “TRUMP’S A CROOK DON’T LET EM SINK UR BOAT.” A few others — two advertising a gun shop and another a brand of cannabis — took advantage of the crowds for publicity.

A small group of supporters waited for the boats to pass by Hart Plaza at 4 p.m., their designated arrival time. A few vessels sporting American flags trickled in. Cortis said the boats arrived ahead of schedule and turned back near the Renaissance Center.

“I was born here,” said Cortis. “And I’m proud to have Trump as one of my guests in Detroit, Michigan. Very proud.”

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Here’s where courts are slowing Republican efforts for a state role in enforcing immigration law

Iowa Immigration Law Lawsuit FILE - People march during an Iowa Movement for Migrant Justice rally and march, Wednesday, May 1, 2024, in Des Moines, Iowa. A federal judge on Monday temporarily blocked an Iowa law that allows law enforcement in the state to file criminal charges against people with outstanding deportation orders or those who previously had been denied entry to the United States. (AP Photo/Charlie Neibergall, File) (Charlie Neibergall/AP)

DES MOINES, Iowa — (AP) — The federal government has long had sole authority over immigration policy in the United States, but several Republican-led states have continued to push for a role in enforcing regulations out of frustration with current policy and as a way to criticize Democratic U.S. President Joe Biden.

With polling showing Americans are increasingly worried about illegal immigration, the concern has become a top issue in the presidential campaign between Biden and Republican Donald Trump. Republican officials in several states say they owe it to their citizens to be more proactive in charging and deporting people who don't have legal status to be in the U.S.

Iowa is among states that have approved laws granting state law enforcement and courts the right to file criminal charges against people based on their immigration status, but this week a federal judge blocked the state's new regulations that were set to take effect July 1.

A federal judge on Monday issued a preliminary injunction that blocks a law approved by Republican lawmakers and GOP Gov. Kim Reynolds that gave state authorities some power that has been left to federal officials. The Iowa law would allow prosecutors to file criminal charges against people who have outstanding deportation orders or who previously have been removed from or denied admission to the U.S.

After being arrested, migrants would have a choice of agreeing to a judge’s order to leave the country or being prosecuted, potentially facing time in prison before deportation.

The U.S. Department of Justice and a coalition of civil rights groups filed a lawsuit that argued Iowa's new rules would lead to confusion and chaos. In his ruling, U.S. District Court Judge Stephen Locher temporarily blocked the law, saying the DOJ and civil rights groups would likely succeed in their argument that federal immigration law preempted the new Iowa law.

Locher said the law might be “defensible” as a matter of politics but “as a matter of constitutional law, it is not.”

Iowa's Republican Attorney General, Brenna Bird, criticized the Biden administration for seeking to block the state's law and promised to appeal.

Texas has taken the lead in seeking a state role in immigration law enforcement, passing a law under which migrants who are in custody on illegal entry charges can abide by a judge's order to leave the country or face prosecution. The law was in effect for only a few hours in March before a three-judge federal appeals court put it on hold.

The DOJ has sued Oklahoma to block a similar law, arguing it violates the U.S. Constitution.

In Georgia, a new law requires jail officials to check with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement to determine whether prisoners are known to be in the country illegally. The law makes it a misdemeanor to knowingly fail to check immigration status and denies state funding to local governments that don’t cooperate.

Tennessee Gov. Bill Lee has signed into law a bill that requires law enforcement agencies to communicate to federal authorities if they know of people in the country illegally and to help authorities identify, detain and deport them.

New Hampshire lawmakers also approved a proposal aimed at people suspected of entering the country illegally that would make it a crime to cross certain properties that have been preserved as open space unless engaging in permitted activities such as hunting, fishing or hiking. The change to the state’s trespassing law is awaiting the governor’s signature.

States led by Democrats have largely left immigration enforcement to the Biden administration, but some have sought to expand immigrant rights.

In Maryland, lawmakers approved a bill seeking a federal waiver to let people buy health insurance through the state's health care exchange, regardless of immigration status.

Arizona Democratic Gov. Katie Hobbs vetoed a bill in March similar to the Texas law, prompting legislators to narrowly approve a measure asking voters to make it a state crime for noncitizens to enter the state at any location other than a point of entry. The measure will go on the Nov. 5 ballot.

Polling shows that more than half of U.S. adults think Biden's immigration policies have hurt the country.

Trump and other Republicans have sought to benefit from that vulnerability by highlighting asylum-seekers and other migrants seeking to illegally enter the U.S.

Biden and some other Democrats have responded by noting the president proposed strict immigration restrictions but were blocked by Republicans, with the president arguing that Trump wanted to keep the conflict alive as a campaign issue.

Jeff Amy in Atlanta; Holly Ramer in Concord, New Hampshire; Brian Witte in Annapolis, Maryland; and Jacques Billeaud in Phoenix contributed to this report.

Copyright 2024 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed without permission.

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