gybing a sailboat

Yachting Monthly

• Digital edition

How to gybe safely and easily

• Chris Beeson
• May 11, 2016

Tom Cunliffe explains the mechanics of gybing, what can go wrong, and shows you how to perform a flawless, fearless gybe every time

As soon as the leech flips over, you’re gybing, whether you like it or not. Be prepared, stay in control and there’s little to go wrong Credit: Colin Work/YM

Tom Cunliffe

If you’re one of the many sailors who also rides a substantial motorcycle, you’ll be fed up with people telling you that your machine is dangerous. I know I am. Why, we bikers wonder, can’t folks realise that there is nothing inherently hazardous about the machine? Peril only arises if it is ridden unwisely. Gybing a yacht is just the same. Gybing is part of sailing a fore-and-aft rigged vessel and, unless we revert to square rig, it always will be. Handled in a seamanlike manner, it is as safe as tacking. Take liberties with it and, like the bike, it can lead to some nasty experiences.

When I tell the ‘bikes are dangerous’ brigade that I ride defensively, they counter by pointing out that while I may take care not to stick it in the ditch, I can’t rely on other drivers to behave themselves. The answer to that is simple. Don’t let them get close enough to hit you. Pretty much the same goes for the idea that gybing is innately dodgy. The old chestnut that anyone can be caught by a sudden wind shift is largely spurious. If we are close to running by the lee in a stiff breeze and an unintended gybe looks like bad news, don’t just hope for the best. You’ve two safe options. Either alter course and gybe under control in good time, or drop the main and sail serenely on under genoa only.

I’ve gybed all sorts of different boats. Racing dinghies are nearly always slam gybed. Screw that up and you’re swimming. The 36ft race boat I drove in the early 1980s had the sort of insane rig that was supported by two sets of running backstays with a masthead backstay that did more to shape the mainsail than hold up the spar. If the poor soul on the main runner blundered when gybing in a serious wind with the spinnaker up, the whole rig went straight over the side, so you hove in the sheet and kept it there until the runner-men had sorted themselves out. And as for the big gaff schooner… don’t ask! Compared with these, gybing our boats today is easy, but it does carry the potential to go badly wrong.

What can go wrong?

A bad gybe puts huge loads on the rig, not least the gooseneck

A bad gybe can involve smashing the end off the traveller track, cracking the gooseneck, ripping a batten pocket and anything else you can imagine. I once snapped an 8-inch diameter wooden boom gybing against a preventer that had been foolishly rigged halfway along its 30ft length.

I didn’t mean to gybe, but it was a black, foggy night and the fishing boat I had allowed to creep up on my weather bow left me little choice but to run by the lee and pray. Prayers are rarely a substitute for positive action. Perhaps unsurprisingly, on this occasion mine went wholly unanswered.

The problems with gybing fall into two categories: boat control and personal injury.

Boat control

If the helmsman does a bad job of the gybe in a decent breeze, it’s very likely to end in tears – and bills

Because they work ‘off-centre’, the sails on a yacht confer a sort of ‘helm bias’ that makes the boat want to swing up towards the wind. We correct this, either actively or automatically, by applying varying degrees of weather helm. The essence of a gybe is that, as the wind crosses the stern of the boat, the canvas blows from one side to the other, carrying the bias with it. If we fail to correct the result of this quickly enough, the boat will try to round up or broach.

Any yacht’s hull is perfectly balanced when she’s sailing bolt upright. When she heels, her underwater shape becomes to some extent unbalanced – some more than others. Like the sails, this also creates weather helm. When heel is suddenly transferred from one side to the other, as it may well be in a gybe, the hull-induced weather helm flips across, adding to the efforts of the sails to swing the boat into the wind.

The sum of these two natural causes is that, left to her own devices, a yacht gybed in a hard breeze can very easily broach – that is, swing broadside on to wind and sea in an uncontrolled manner. At best, this is very unpleasant. At worst, it results in a knockdown. All of this can be neutralised or even discarded if the boat can be kept on her feet and under full helm control. All gybing expertise is centred on achieving this end product.

Personal injury

The mainsheet and traveller, if unsecured, can crash across with tremendous force. Stay well clear

Sailing is alive with stories about crew being injured or worse by the boom or the mainsheet assembly in a gybe. These tales are true. If the mainsheet and its traveller are close enough to the crew to be an issue, they must be controlled for security to be guaranteed.

Booms have also taken their toll when left to their own devices, causing concussion or death from a direct hit, or knocking people clean overboard.

Don’t sit on the coamings. In a broach, your brief flight could end on a winch to leeward

If a boat is allowed to fall off her feet at the moment of gybe in a stiff breeze, it is likely to be followed by a broach or partial broach. The result is that the boat lurches violently. Cases are on record of crew who imagined themselves safe on the windward side of the cockpit being tossed to leeward like rag dolls. If they land on a winch, injury is likely.

Safer gybing

Now we know what can go wrong, we’re in good shape to make sure it doesn’t. For our article, we used a standard sloop-rigged Bavaria 40 with no running backstays. Kieran, Chris and I applied our collective experience.

Typically with seamanship, there may not be a perfect answer for all occasions. The best position is to understand the mechanics of what’s happening, be aware of the available options, then consider the conditions before deciding what’s best for the boat we have and the crew that are on deck. There are two essential methods of gybing the mainsail, and one fall-back method, and we’ll look at all three over the page.

Fully-controlled gybe

The process

1. Steer a touch above a dead run to cut the apparent wind

2. When you feel the mainsheet go lighter, haul the boom amidships

3. When the leech lifts, you’re gybing

4. As soon as you can, ease out the mainsheet on the new gybe

This is the classic, safe method, which I personally favour. The devil is in the detail, however, and significant drawbacks must be understood and countered.

The objective is to keep the boat moving straight and on her feet to avoid broaching. Given a well-balanced hull, there’s a great deal to be said for controlling the boom fully.

If any bar-room expert tries to suggest that this is a formula for a guaranteed broach, advise them gently that the mainsail is in fact stalled throughout this procedure because air is flowing from leech to luff. It is therefore not pulling nearly as hard as one which is full. Once it’s amidships, so long as the helm keeps steering dead downwind, broaching tendency is minimal.

Opposite lock – the big secret

1. Keep an eye on the leech and bring her stern slowly through the wind

2. Apply ‘opposite helm’ to prevent a broach, and keep her dead downwind

All of us who have driven our cars with a little verve – and what sailor hasn’t – understands that when we go into a slide and the back end starts hanging out, we apply opposite lock to the steering, turning the front wheels into the skid. Exactly the same technique is vital if a boat is to gybe smoothly and stay on her feet. Approaching the gybe, she is steered slowly but steadily to leeward to bring the wind across the stern. As soon as the leech of the mainsail starts to flick across, a gybe inevitably follows.

You know that the balance of the boat is about to shift dramatically in the next second or two, so pre-empt it. Turn the helm positively in the opposite direction to ‘meet’ her before she starts swinging into a broach. The object is to keep the boat upright on her feet and sailing dead downwind as the boom comes over. This timely application of ‘opposite lock’ is the big secret of gybing safely.

Secure the mainsheet traveller

Make it part of your gybing routine to secure the traveller

It doesn’t matter what method of gybing you plan, if you have a mainsheet traveller it absolutely must be secured at both ends and any slack in the tackles taken up. Injuries caused by travellers – especially those in the cockpit – are among the commonest in gybing. Make it a drill to check before you gybe. ‘Traveller secure? Right. Stand by to gybe!’

‘Ready about!’ heralds a tack; ‘Stand by to gybe!’ means a gybe. Clarity is all

My first boss in a proper sailing school back in the 1970s pointed out that if we always said ‘Ready about’ when tacking and ‘Stand by to gybe’, there could never be any ambiguity of orders. He was right. No namby-pamby ‘prepare to gybe’ on my yachts, and no ‘ready to gybe’ either. It’s ‘stand by to gybe’ every time, and ‘Gybe-ho’ as the leech of the main inverts and there’s no turning back. Save ‘ready’ for tacking!

What about the genoa?

When the main’s gybed and set up, pass the genoa to the new winch

Compared to the mainsail, the genoa is child’s play. The only thing that can go wrong is that the genoa flies out ahead of the forestay and wraps around it with wretched consequences. The solution? Never, ever, let the genoa sheet fly.

Wait until the mainsail has successfully gybed and is set on the new tack. Then pass the genoa under control from the old winch to the new. It will fall quietly and naturally through the gap. It’s easy, low-stress and removes half the worry from any gybe. Nobody has to multi-task and it never fails.

A fun exercise

1. As the leech flips, apply opposite helm to keep her honest

2. Steer by the lee until the leech flips, then opposite helm again

To master the gybe, run the boat off the wind with plenty of space to leeward. Heave the sheet in tight and gently gybe the boat. Don’t ease the sheet. Now gybe her back again, and so on, running straight and dead downwind all the time. After a dozen or so gybes you’ll have mastered the helming technique and you’ll never dread gybing again.

If the mainsheet is anywhere near the cockpit, you absolutely must gather it up and throw it to leeward

Aboard the 35-ton pilot cutters of the Bristol Channel before World War 1, nobody was interested in heaving in 120ft of mainsheet on a dead run in a breeze. It was a two-man job with only one available.

The preferred method of gybing was to let the boom out to the shrouds, steer carefully round until the mainsail was thoroughly by the lee, and keep on steering thus until the leech finally lifted and carried the sail across with its thirty-foot boom and solid gaff. As the boom came over, the helmsman kept his bottom on the tiller, grabbed the parts of the mainsheet, which were sited on the deck abaft where he stood in the cockpit, and threw them bodily out on the new lee side. This made sure that nobody and nothing was caught in the bights of the mighty mainsheet. As for the boom itself, it was a pussycat, because, by the time the main was sufficiently by the lee for the sail to gybe, the boat’s attitude to the wind on the new gybe wasn’t far from beam-on. The sail therefore feathered before it hit the shrouds. Then the sheet was trimmed and away they went.

I suspect that this worked better on gaff rig than it often does on Bermudian, but it saves a lot of trouble in very light going, where it is often the method of choice in a modern yacht. Even in a gentle breeze, however, the mainsheet, if it’s anywhere near the cockpit, absolutely must be gathered under control because it remains a hazard that can develop some serious momentum.

Duck and cover!

1. First, wind on plenty of vang to tighten the leech

2. Secure the traveller, steer dead downwind, then slowly bring the boat’s stern through the wind

3. When the leech flips, you’re gybing. Apply opposite helm – and mind the mainsheet!

4. Set your course, gybe the genoa, and thank the Lord

The problem with a modern cruiser is that, unlike the ponderous gear of history, our kit is a lot more skittish. Whilst I must have handed across the parts of my old cutter’s mainsheet hundreds of times without incident, I can’t say I fancy it one bit on a 32ft yacht with a mainsheet traveller running across the bridge deck. In 25 knots that boom whips past so rapidly that nobody can guarantee to clear away the sheet as it comes, so it’s best not to try. The human cost of the ropework catching a crew member awkwardly as it flies by can be literally horrific, so I cannot recommend this method with such a mainsheet arrangement.

However, if the sheet is safely sited well forward of the cockpit, a straight ‘slammer’ can succeed after a fashion, so long as the gear is bulletproof. Given a touch of opposite lock, the boat should be easy enough to steer because, so long as the sheet has been fully eased, the main will be right ‘off’ immediately after the gybe. This makes hull imbalance less likely and also reduces any broaching tendency induced by the mainsail. The downside is the danger of damaging the gear, but with the vang on hard to make sure the boom doesn’t rise up and strain the gooseneck, this is not likely.

That said, as in all things at sea, it’s ‘horses for courses’. My own boat has her mainsheet so well out of harm’s way that it would be virtually impossible for it to catch anybody in the cockpit. However, my in-boom reefing means the gooseneck, while a marvel in stainless steel sculpture, is more vulnerable than a straightforward arrangement. I’ve tried slam gybing in a breeze once or twice. The crash made me shudder and I don’t do it any more.

Another major factor is aft-swept spreaders. They prevent the mainsail from being squared away properly or feathering after a gybe. This makes damage from the boom whacking the standing rigging a quantifiable hazard. For extreme examples, slam gybing is likely to end in tears. You can only try it and see. The Bavaria we used was marginal. In 20 knots it wasn’t quite an issue, but I’ve sailed boats where it gave me nightmares. Forewarned is forearmed.

The fall-back method – wearing round

1. In lively conditions, if you’re worried a gybe may cause damage, you can ‘wear round’

2. Put the helm down to bring her head up into the wind, then keep going through the tack

3. Bear away and be quick to ease the mainsail, then sort out the genoa for the new gybe

Square riggers had big issues with tacking. Gybing for them was easy. If the skipper was in any doubt about tacking through the wind, he’d give the order to ‘wear ship’. The helmsman steered to leeward and round she came onto the new tack, quietly bracing her yards. She lost vital ground, but was safe and sure.

For some reason, the term ‘wearing round’ has been transferred to fore and aft rig, where it means the opposite. We don’t like gybing but tacking is easy. If it should turn out that you are stuck with a slam gybe and you don’t fancy it, there is always the option to come up to the wind and tack round instead. It’s messy but it’s safe, and it’s always been known as ‘wearing round’. Strange, but true!

Safety and the crew

Brief the crew beforehand, so they know where to be and what to do

Crew safety is as important as looking after the boat. Some might say it is more so and I wouldn’t argue. I’d point out, however, that if the boat is properly controlled, crew safety largely takes care of itself. Here, based on my own experience and also on court cases in which I have been consulted, are the matters you ought to consider.

Unless you have someone you can trust absolutely to steer dead downwind until the gybe is complete, take the helm yourself! Then you’ll have the best overview and can make absolutely sure nobody is in harm’s way.

Brief the crew, especially inexperienced people. They must know exactly what is going to happen, and when.

Nobody must be in a position from which they could be thrown bodily in the event of a broach, or be caught by the boom, mainsheet, or traveller. These are vital considerations. Court cases often turn on them. Make doubly certain that any cockpit traveller controls are absolutely secure.

Check the traveller is secure, then check again. If it’s loose, there will be trouble

The default is not to slam gybe in a breeze with a cockpit-mounted mainsheet because it can, literally, be lethal. If you must slam, give the sheet a clear passage and, if practicable, have a steady, reliable hand to grab the parts and control them as they whip across.

One final point: if you find yourself inevitably closer to the sheet than you’d like, crouch with head right down and arms at your sides, so that, if the falls should try to grab you, there’s nothing for them to snag.

How boat design affects the safety of a gybe

Most modern yachts operate one of three mainsheet systems: boom end, cockpit traveller, or coachroof. All have virtues and drawbacks.

Boom end traveller

Good for trimming and keeps the forward cockpit clear. However, the traveller and mainsheet are to be watched, and the boom is sited over the cockpit, leaving anyone standing up at risk from the knock-out blow

Cockpit traveller

This is the gybe bogeyman. Anyone caught in the wrong place can be in dire danger of being pinned by the mainsheet, injured by an unsecured traveller running amuck, or garrotted by the sheet parts as they whip across

Coachroof traveller

The safest option for families and beginners. It carries serious drawbacks for mainsail trimming but it does keep danger well out of the way. It’s more than likely that the boom will also be clear of the cockpit with this arrangement, but if it isn’t, you know what to do!

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Tacking and Gybing Made Easy

by Harbor Sailboats | Mar 19, 2020 | Blog | 0 comments

Tacking and gybing a sailboat is among one of the first lessons we teach in our basic sailing course . That said, new sailors tend to make small errors that cause the maneuvers to be difficult and possibly unsafe. Here, we will remind you of a few simple steps and techniques to increase your boat handling skills while also keeping the crew and the boat safe.

Tacking- Turning the boat so that the bow passes through the wind

A sailboat can only sail roughly 45 degrees below the true wind direction. So, in order to sail to a destination that’s inside the “no sail zone”, we must tack the boat 90 degrees at a time in order to reach that destination. During this maneuver the helmsman will slowly turn the boat through the wind while the crew will release the working jib sheet and trim on the new working sheet.

One of the biggest mistakes we see on the water is the helmsman turning the boat too fast leading to more difficult crew work and overturning of the boat. By turning the boat slower, the crew will have more time to trim the jib and the helmsman is less likely to overturn and end up on a beam reach.

Your rate of turn should start slow, speed up as you pass through the wind, and decrease as you fall off onto close hauled. If you can hear your rudder dragging through the water and see turbulent water, you’re likely turning too fast. By turning slower, you’re also allowing the crew more time to bring on the new working sheet prior to the boat reaching close hauled and the sail “powering up.”

Tacking slower will increase your boat speed coming out of the tack and make the maneuver a lot easier on your crew!

Gybing- Turning the boat so that the stern passes through the wind

Theoretically, a boat can sail directly downwind but it’s not very efficient on most boats and can be dangerous due to accidental gybes. Instead, we like to sail on a broad reach (roughly 140-degree true wind angle) and gybe across to another broad reach. Just like tacking, turning slow will make gybing safer and easier for everyone involved.

During a gybe, your sails will always have pressure in them because you are not passing through the “no sail zone”. This means you need to trim your mainsail to center line (or close to it) prior to starting your turn. This will reduce the amount of room the boom can move across the cockpit as you turn the stern though the wind. The jib can remain in its current trim as long as a crew member is ready to release the sheet and trim on the new one as the stern passes the wind.

Once the main has been trimmed in, the helmsman can start the turn and level out once they approach the new broad reach. The mainsail trimmer needs to ease the mainsheet once the stern has passed through the wind and the jib trimmer will do the same with the new jib sheet.

The biggest tip here is to turn the boat slower when tacking and gybing.

Try it out on your next charter and let us know if you feel a difference in performance and comfort!

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Tacking and Gybing Maneuvers

When you want to sail in a direction to exactly where the wind is coming from— guess what—you can’t! The best we can do is to follow a zig-zag course by sailing at about 30 to 40 degrees off the wind on one side for some distance then turning the boat to sail 30 to 40 degrees off the wind on the other side. Then repeat as necessary. With each tack, you turn the boat so that the bow goes through the point where the wind comes from. After the tack, since the wind is on the other side of the boat, the sails must also change sides of the boat.

Tacking to an Upwind Destination

When you want to sail in a direction to exactly where the wind is going— guess what—you can! But . . . it has its difficulties because the sails must be held on opposite sides of the boat lest the mainsail “shadows” the headsail from the wind. They are thus balanced somewhat tenuously. Additionally, a direct downwind sailing direction reduces the wind speed that the sails “feel” by the boat’s own speed. – which reduces the speed of the boat. Sometimes you can reach your destination faster by turning off the dead downwind direction and sailing at a slight angle to the wind. You’re not heading directly for the downwind destination but the extra speed will make up for it. 

Gybing to a Downwind Destination

Often the headsail is lowered and a spinnaker or gennaker is deployed. We’ve all seen the gorgeous site of the big colorful and sometimes fun sail blowing out over the front of a boat as the boat sails downwind. These sails are either a gennaker or a spinnaker sail used exclusively for sailing in downwind directions.

Sailing Downwind with a Spinnaker

Usually, however, smart tacticians do not sail directly downwind even if that is the direction of their destination.   From the Sail Trim course, you understood that the boat and thus the sails feel only the Sailing Downwind with a Spinnaker apparent wind.  A  smart tactician usually will “crack” off the downwind course a little and aim up at about 140 to 160 degrees maximum angle sailing downwind. By doing this, the boat picks up more apparent wind and thus boat speed than what it loses in angle when sailing directly downwind. Similar to tacking, the skipper must zig-zag the boat from one tack to another. But this time, since the maneuver means the boat is aiming downwind and the aft of the boat transverses the wind, the maneuver is called a gybe. Some people call it a jibe. Either way is correct. For consistency, we will use gybe.

Gybing is usually performed when you are sailing at an angle away from the wind, that is on a beam reach to a run. If you feel the wind on the back of your neck or around to the side of your face you will probably gybe the boat. This means turning the boat farther downwind, through the point where the wind is blowing, and then a bit more, so the wind is hitting you on the other side of the boat.

Tacking and Gybing

The following diagram shows a typical race course a skip- per must maneuver around. Careful study of this diagram will reveal all the secrets of sailing in one go. Notice the tacking and gybing maneuvers where the sails shift sides.

Sailing Maneuvers

The following is a video representation of the same sailing course.

Sailing Maneuvers Video

The below animation shows the distinction between a gybe over a tack. Whether you tack or gybe depends entirely on circumstances. Select carefully. Gybing has more potential for accidents, including equipment failures.

To perform either of these maneuvers efficiently, you will need to practice and get the “feel” of your vessel and establish rapport with it.

How to Tack the Boat

Alert the crew and passengers to this maneuver by announcing,  “Prepare to tack.” or “Prepare to come about.” The crew begins by wrapping the non-working jib sheet (i.e. upwind sheet—also called the lazy sheet) 2 to 3 times clockwise around the upwind winch drum to prepare it for becoming the working jib sheet. Make sure the working jib sheet (about to become the lazy sheet) is ready to run clear.

The helmsperson then asks “Ready?” When the crew replies with “Ready,” the helmsman begins turning the vessel’s bow through the wind. There are a variety of nautical announcements that may be issued, the most common of which is “coming about,” but also heard are “helm’s alee,” “hard alee,” “tacking,” “helm’s over” or “lee ho.” All work just as effectively as you move the tiller or the wheel. The key is to have all the crew understand what is happening.

At the moment the headsail begins to fold in on itself at the forestay, the crew should ease the taut “working” headsail sheet, then unwind it off the winch completely, allowing the headsail sheet to easily run free. Watch and make sure this sheet does not catch on anything such as mast cleats or hatches.

As the headsail comes across the vessel’s foredeck, a crew member begins taking up slack on the other headsail sheet, previously prepared and wrapped loosely around the winch. Speed is of the essence here. The faster the crew member brings in the slack the less the crew member will have to use the winch to tighten the sheet when the load comes on. For this reason, it is a good idea for the helmsperson to tack slowly. Time spent tightening the sheet by the crew is time lost.

Trim both sails for the new point of sail, starting with the headsail first because the headsail controls the flow of wind (slot effect) over the mainsail. If you are tacking from one close haul to the other then there is little need to trim the mainsail. Concentrate instead on the headsail.

There is one refinement on the note above to tack slowly: An aside—when tacking, the vessel’s bow should be turned through the wind, fast enough to maintain forward momentum, but:

• If the rudder is turned too quickly, it will act as a brake and the boat may stall in low winds.
• Turning the rudder too quickly creates eddies in the water—not too much of a problem but it is energy you are taking out of the boat and giving to the water. Best leave the energy (that is, speed) in the boat.
• Turning the rudder too quickly gives the crew no time to properly get the headsail trimmed before the load comes on. This slows the boat.
• Turning the rudder too slowly may prevent the bow from completely coming through the wind. In this case, you may get stuck in irons or simply stall. You will need to turn back downwind, gain some speed, and try again.

When tacking from one close haul to another close haul on the other side of the wind, the boat will turn through about 90 degrees. This means that before you tack you should pick a point (a house, a tree, a landmass, a cloud, something) that you will end up sailing toward once you come out of the tack. “Ninety degrees?” you say. “How is that possible when a close haul is 30 degrees off the wind? It should be 60 degrees total for the tack? Aha, gotcha.” Sorry, you forgot the (approximate) 15 degrees between true and apparent. Thirty degrees apparent is really about 45 off the true: 45 plus 45 = 90.

Safety concerns : The jib sheets whip quite violently with the sail as the boat is pointing head to the wind. The new working sheet must be tightened as fast as possible to minimize this whipping, which can snap at crew members at speeds close to 100 miles an hour (160 km/hr). Anyone standing in the way of these whipping sheets can be severely hurt. If you think a whipping wet dish towel in the kitchen hurts then stay away from the jib sheets.

Tacking in VR

Here is a tacking maneuver, we filmed in Virtual Reality using the MarineVerse/NauticEd Virtual Reality Sailing App on Meta Quest. If you want to learn some good basics of sailing with Virtual Reality, take the NauticEd Virtual Reality Sailing Course .

How to Gybe the Boat

Gybing is one of the things that new sailors find slightly intimidating. Gybing is the act of changing sailing directions when you’re sailing downwind, so the stern of the sailboat passes through the wind, and one or more sails change sides. This is the functional opposite of tacking where the bow of the sailboat turns through the wind.

During the gybe procedure, the sails are switched to the other side of the sailboat automatically by the wind.

When proper precautions are taken. gybing is easy and safe. However potential problems can arise if the boom is permitted to swing rapidly and unrestrained from one side of the vessel to the other. This can be dangerous to crew and boats, so do it carefully.

The boom’s swinging can be violent during a gybe because the wind is blowing from the back end of the mainsail and once it gets on the other side of the mainsail the boom swings quickly across. (During a tack, the wind blows from the leading edge so this tends not to happen.) A chicken gybe, discussed later, is actually tacking instead of gybing to avoid the potential dangers of gybing when high winds exist.

To help visualize the dangers of gybing, imagine you are a mast and you attach a piece of plywood to your back so that it extends away perpendicular to your back. Now go outside on a really windy day. Imagine what happens as you turn your face through the point of origin of the wind. Nothing too violent as the plywood is being blown downwind through the turn. That’s a tack. Now keep turning around so that your back goes through the wind. When the wind catches the other side of the plywood you’ll probably be launched over so hard you’ll be glad this is only imagination. That’s a gybe! Ouch!

On top of all that, since you’re probably flying a headsail as well, you’ve got to deal with that at the same time. Left unattended during a gybe the headsail will first fly forward then come around on the wrong side (the downwind side) of the forestay. You’ll have a real problem trying to get it back into a sailing position as the boat straightens out on the other side of the wind. And for a new sailor trying to impress their crew, it’s totally embarrassing.

So here are the tricks to gybing that make it simple and easy on your sailboat rigging and crew.

• Begin by alerting the crew and announcing: “Prepare to gybe.”
• Ensure loose items below decks are stowed and drinks and gear above decks are secured.
• Check all around for traffic.
• Ensure no crew are in harm’s way of the swinging boom or lines changing over on the foredeck.
• Prepare the headsail by hauling in taught on the lazy headsail sheet (the upwind sheet that is not doing anything) and cleating it off around the winch. This will prevent the headsail from wrapping around the forestay during the maneuver and will place the sheet almost in position for fine-tuning after the gybe maneuver is complete.
• Of secondary concern is SERIOUS damage to the gooseneck—the connection point of the boom to the mast—or other parts of the rig.
• As the headsail is coming across, another crew member should now release the old working headsail sheet completely allowing the new leeward working headsail sheet to take the load.
• Now you have successfully gybed and the only matter is for the crew to observe the new heading of the vessel and trim both sails accordingly.

Gybing in VR

Here is a gybing maneuver, we filmed in Virtual Reality using the MarineVerse/NauticEd Virtual Reality Sailing App on Meta Quest.

The Accidental Gybe

The accidental gybe occurs when the helmsperson is not paying close attention. It is a rookie mistake that can cost dearly with injuries (death) and damage. You must avoid an accidental gybe.

When sailing directly downwind, a rookie helmsperson takes his eyes off the wind indicator and allows the boat to drift into a position where the wind is coming from the same side on which the mainsail and boom are positioned. This happens after a shift in wind or a slight course change. The wind, now on the other side of the sail, pushes it over quickly and with it the head-knocking high-speed killing boom. Bam!

If you are sailing at any angle close to downwind, you must keep a diligent eye on the wind angle and keep rookies off the helm or anyone who gets distracted easily.

Sailing by the Lee

Sailing by the lee means that the wind is coming from behind (you are sailing downwind) and anywhere from 0-30 degrees angle off to the same side as the mainsail.

Sailing by the lee is possible and done BUT it is very dangerous because you are extremely close to the accidental gybe position above. The reason you might do it is that it helps keep the head sail full when it is on the opposite side of the mainsail. Both sails get good exposure to the wind from behind without the mainsail shadowing the wind from reaching the head sail.

If the mainsail is let all the way out, the wind will still hold the mainsail out rather than swinging it over. But you are riding on the edge.

Sailing by the Lee should not be done in shifting wind conditions or large swells – as an accidental gybe will be very violent. Only an experienced helmsperson should be on the helm – the helmsperson must be on constant watch of the boom  – and that helmsperson should automatically know that the moment the boom even thinks about moving, the helmsperson needs to immediately turn the helm wheel away from the boom side. In the case above, the helmsperson should steer to port – IMMEDIATELY – without thinking. This puts pressure back on the main sail to hold it in place.

When sailing by the lee, make sure a crew member is assigned to the main sheet and is ready to—at less than a moment’s notice—quickly haul in on the mainsheet to capture the boom before it SLAMS all the way across. Tell all crew members to keep their eyes up and their heads down. No one walks forward on the non-boom side – if an accitendat gybe happens the speed of the boom can easily kill – which has been known in many cases to do exactly that.

Hopefully, the above paragraphs accentuated the danger of Sailing by the Lee.

Gybe Preventers

Several devices and ideas work to either slow down the boom from accidentally gybing fast or to completely prevent the boom from moving. 

This video from Yachting World is an excellent run-through of these devices and methods.

Yacht World Magazine Video

The Chicken Gybe

In high winds, 15 knots and above, we don’t recommend gybing. Instead, use the “chicken gybe,” which is essentially a 270-degree tack. Instead of turning the boat downwind, you turn the boat up into the wind and perform a normal tack then bear away from the wind to the desired point of sail.

Chicken Gybe

The chicken gybe is mostly performed when the skipper is uncomfortable because of high winds. The chicken gybe is much safer. And the end result is the same. You are merely tacking the boat from a broad reach on one side over to a broad reach on the other side. It’s simple, easy, effective, and safe. The only thing to watch out for is that the jib sheets will whip back and around quite violently. So, it’s a good idea not to have anyone near the jib sheets (that is, on the foredeck).

Here is an animation of the sails as they go through the gybe and chicken gybe maneuvers. 

Gybe and Chicken Gybe

Here is another animation of the boat as it moves through the gybe and chicken gybe maneuvers. We had a little fun with this one.

Gybe and Chicken Gybe Maneuvers

Also in high winds, a gybe will tend to round the boat up into the wind very quickly and cause excessive heeling. This is usually upsetting to the crew. To prevent excessive heeling, once the mainsail gybes are over, you’ve got to let out the mainsheet as quickly as possible. Getting the mainsheet out will stop the rounding up and heeling over. Hence, before you go gybing in high winds, become an expert in lower wind conditions first and use the chicken gybe method until you’ve gained the confidence to gybe correctly every time.

You can learn more in the Skipper Course....

Knowledge and theory for longer distances and overnight sailing in diverse conditions. The Skipper Course is a comprehensive online sailing course for beginner to intermediate sailors wanting to learn how to sail larger sailboats 26ft to 56ft. Or upgrade to the Skipper Course Bundle of online courses to also master maneuvering under power and docking!

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How To Tack and Jibe A Sailboat – A Beginners Guide

Harnessing the power of the wind is a wonderful feeling, but it does mean one thing: You’ll have to obey the rules of the wind. When your destination is near where the wind is coming from, you can’t just sail directly there. Learning how to tack and jibe is one of the first steps you’ll need to take if you want to start sailing .

While tacking and jibing themselves are simple concepts, there are some important things you need to think about. A good tack means knowing why, when and how you’ll be tacking. Read our simple steps and learn how to tack and jibe.

WHAT IS TACKING AND JIBING?

Tacking means turning the boat through the eye of the wind (the direction the wind is coming from) and catching it on the other side. Since the sails catch the wind from the head, tacking offers a lot of control and can be performed with ease.

Jibing (or gybing) means you are turning the boat downwind from one side of dead downwind (the direction the wind is going) to the other.

The wind is coming from behind the sails and boom, so it can catch the mainsail and hurl it from one side of the boat to the other. This means it must be performed carefully and is fundamentally less controlled than tacking.

Unlike going into the wind, you can actually sail dead downwind but only with a specific sail plan. Often, your sails will require you to jibe downwind. Knowing your points of sail and what they mean is a great way to start learning how to sail.

WHY DO YOU NEED TO TACK?

Since you can’t sail directly into the wind, you must tack up into it if that’s your destination.

Sailing requires catching the wind in the sails to power them up and move forward. That means that the sails must be at an angle to the wind. The angle depends on the direction you want to travel in, relative to the wind.

WHY DO YOU NEED TO JIBE?

You can only sail directly downwind with a spinnaker or twin headsails. Other sails like cruising chutes allow you to sail almost dead downwind. However, many sailors don’t want to buy or change extra sails. So, they stick with a jib/genoa and a mainsail for all wind directions.

Jibing is usually performed when you want to sail dead downwind or near enough. You can jibe downwind so that you are zigzagging down along the wind’s path just like when you tack you’ll be zigzagging up towards the wind.

WHEN TO TACK

Knowing exactly when to tack will depend on where you’re going and the type of sailing you’re doing. In a race, tacking too early or too late could lose you the medals!

Generally speaking, you want to stay as close to the direct path to your destination as possible. This means that you’d tack fairly regularly.

However, you also need to remember that tacking makes you lose speed for a minute or two. So, you don’t want to tack all the time. In a narrow channel when you must go upwind, you’ll be short-tacking. This is where you tack very regularly. Possibly even every couple of minutes!

WHEN TO JIBE

As jibing is less controlled, some sailors avoid it as much as possible. If you’re not in a rush, you can technically tack instead and turn the boat in an almost full circle. If you’re in very strong winds, it can be preferable to tack. However, a controlled jibe is always possible.

Similar with tacking, you’ll need to jibe when you’ve gone as far as you want off your direct line and plan to take another zigzag back over it.

HOW TO TACK

Tacking is simple although the technicalities will vary from boat to boat. For a cruising yacht, the helmsman will pull in the mainsheet in as tight as it can be without causing the boat speed to drop off.

The helmsman will then shout, “ready about!” or a previously agreed upon phrase. This alerts the crew that the boat is going to tack.

Note that many modern yachts have a self-tacking foresail. This means that nothing needs to be done with it as it will simply tack itself when the boat tacks.

The crew member controlling the foresail will wait until the helmsman has turned the boat into the wind and out the other side before easing the foresail that will already be trying to tack itself. The same crew member or another one will pull in on the foresail’s opposite line as the first line is completely released.

Once the boat is pointing in its new direction, the helmsman will ease out the mainsheet and the crew will winch in the foresail. The faster you tack, the less speed you will lose!

HOW TO JIBE

Jibing is less forgiving than tacking. While tacking does not require the mainsheet to be in tight, jibing does. The first step is for the helmsman to pull in the mainsheet so it is as tight as possible. This prevents the wind from whipping it from one side to the other.

The second step is for the crew on the foresail to sheet in. This stops the wind from pushing the foresail around the front of the forestay.

When these steps are complete, the helmsman can steer the boat to its new position. The boom will be pushed over by the wind as far as the mainsheet allows and can be then let out as far as needed.

This needs to happen fairly speedily to prevent the wind catching it and slamming it the other way especially in swells. The foresail can also be let out to its appropriate level.

VIDEO: TACKING AND GYBING

Crash jibing.

Crash jibing is the reason why some sailors dislike jibing. It occurs when the wind, coming from behind, catches the boom on the wrong side and slams it from one side of the boat to the other.

Not only can this send the boat lurching over and breaking the boom, it can also catch crew members unaware, knocking or even killing them.

Crash jibing usually doesn’t occur while jibing. Rather, it occurs when the boat jibes itself. This can happen when sailing very close to the jibing point if the wind changes while using auto-pilot or when waves unbalance the sails and boom.

Crash jibing can be avoided by using a rope to tie the boom to a cleat or using several other safety methods.

KEEPING YOUR SPEED UP

While jibing can (and should) be done slowly and with you in control, tacking too slowly won’t work. Since sailing directly into the wind kills your speed, the helmsman should complete the turn through the wind fairly quickly and let out the main straight away.

It’s also crucial to have enough boat speed going into the tack. Otherwise, you may not make it through at all!

If you require extra boat speed, the helmsman can change course away from the wind slightly before the tack, increasing the power of the sails. When the speed is enough, they can then tack successfully. A tack with minimum lost speed is a racing tack and quite a skill to hone.

EMERGENCY TACKING

Occasionally, you may need to suddenly alter course in a way that results in a tack. This might happen if you see something in the water or discover yourself on an immediate collision course. The main consideration in an emergency tack is that nobody is in the way of the boom.

While far more controlled than a jibe, if you must tack before you can pull the mainsheet in, then shouting a boom warning to crew is the first step. The sails come second to the safety of the boat and crew.

SAFETY TIPS

The most dangerous things in either sailing maneuver are the boom, the changing angle of the boat and lazy sheets whipping as the sails lose power and flap. Many have gone overboard due to a flicking line!

For a successful maneuver, the crew must be informed of what if going to happen. This will likely take the risk out of these dangers and make for a fast tack or a safe jibe.

Heavy Air Gybes: Conquer Fear with Technique

Are you afraid of heavy air gybes (or jibe) due to either lack of experience or too many painful experiences? We asked Zack Clayton – a top scow sailor and sailcloth industry leader with Dimension-Polyant – to share his thoughts on heavy air gybes. Zack is known for his ability to survive and go fast in heavy air.

Zack’s description is based on the MC Scow, but most of the techniques apply to other non-spinnaker boats. Thanks to John Porter for adding insights.

Heavy Air Gybes in the MC Scow

Although you may only perform 3-6 gybes per race in a MC Scow, the risk/reward ratio is significant and varies depending upon the wind conditions. In light breeze, the loss of boat speed and long re-acceleration time has to factor into the decision of when and how often to gybe the boat. As the wind increases, the loss of speed is reduced, but the risk of going for a swim increases.

The basic mechanics of an MC Scow gybe do not change dramatically over the range of wind conditions but there are a few techniques that can improve all of your gybes as well as reduce the risks of ending the day with an unexpected swim or watching the fleet sail by while you are pushed out to a corner, afraid to perform this sailing maneuver.

Gybing Mechanics

• Look behind the boat to see what breeze (velocity and angle) you are gybing into.
• Try to perform a gybe when boat speed is up, rather than when going slow.
• Slowly bear away to a full downwind position.
• Sheet in one to three arms length of mainsheet.
• As leech of sail starts to break, give a final flick of the mainsheet. If you have sheeted in and were heading dead downwind, this may be enough to get the main to cross. If not, turn down slightly . The key is to avoid oversteering.
• As boom crosses midline, center the tiller to avoid oversteer. If you don’t center the tiller quickly enough, you will end up on a reach and possibly round up and capsize. Ending up on a very slight reach (just above dead downwind) is more stable than dead downwind, but any further is dangerous. For more, see the section on steering for balance below.
• Switch sides of the boat – later in light air, sooner as the breeze increases.
• Ease mainsheet and switch hands.
• Position new board and pull up opposite board.

Watching Laser sailors gybe is very similar to what a MC gybe should look like.

In light and medium breeze you do not have waves, large velocity changes, huge penalty for oversteer, etc.  We MC sailors tend to be lazy and we can gybe the boat by grabbing the sheet line above the traveler and tossing it across – I do it too – but it can build bad habits that get us into trouble when the breeze increases, as the proper techniques in normal conditions will reduce risk in wild conditions.

When things go wrong, and right…

Plan Ahead for Heavy Air Gybes

As the wind velocity increases near the MC Scow racing limit (18-25 mph) the gybe becomes one of the most dangerous maneuvers in the race.  To reduce the risk of capsize, I utilize a few adjustments to reduce the risk.

#1. Plan your downwind leg early

A gybe in the top third of the course for scow sailing almost always has smaller waves and less velocity than the bottom third of the course.

• This will get you onto the best angle and best breeze to start the run.
• Preparation is the key here –  arriving at leeward mark overstood can make for a dangerous turn.
• (Ed. note): If you realize early that you will be on the wrong tack at the mark, use the rest of the leg to sail as low as possible, including by the lee if necessary.
• Depending upon fleet size and gate options the wrong gate may be a better choice than a hairpin gybe.
• A controlled rounding is better than aborting the gybe or capsizing to save a couple of boat lengths.

#2. Gybe before big velocity increase arrives

If you see the fleet behind you on the opposite gybe and a big puff coming, the edge of the puff is almost always the strongest so if you want to gybe, do it early so you are prepared for velocity and angle changes.

#3. Plan your gybe for the top of a wave, rather than the swell (trough)

This allows for a bit more time and less risk. It also keeps the bow from steering into the face of the wave.

#4. Prepare the new board before the gybe, but less is more

• Get traveler on centerline – it may have been down for the upwind, but center it before gybing.
• Too much board and oversteer and you can trip the boat on the board.

#5. Slow – Quick – Slow is the operation

• Slow turn down on the wave.
• Quick boom across and sit onto new high side with immediate return to center of tiller.
• Slow ease of mainsheet, hand switch and board adjustment.

Steering for Balance

Maintaining balance is tricky in heavy air downwind. In our post on Capsize Causes and Solutions, Part 2, – Off-wind Balance , we discussed steering for balance – steering so that the board in the water helps keep you upright. In short, you steer the boat under the rig, to prevent “tripping” over the board:

• If the rig heels to windward, head up.
• If the rig heels to leeward, head down.

Using this principle, many sailors do an S-turn gybe in big breeze. This is OK, if you don’t oversteer. As soon as the boom crosses the boat, instead of simply centering the tiller, steer slightly toward the sail. This helps prevent rounding up, especially if you steered down excessively before the gybe and the sail is trimmed in too far on the new tack.

Practice and Enjoy the Experiences

Like most maneuvers in any sailboat, planning, preparation and practice are the keys to smooth execution of all aspects of a sailboat race.  Steering the MC downwind in waves takes practice, experience and concentration.  The more comfortable you become with downwind steering in the waves, the easier gybes will become.  (Ed. note – practice with a masthead flotation panel!)

That being said, even the best sailors in our fleet have stories of deathrolls, chicken gybes and wipeouts. Some of my favorites come from the top of the fleet where everyone gets to enjoy the show – always remember to have the safety pin in the rudder just in case it all goes wrong!

Sailing Downwind in Waves – MC Scow Capsize Causes and Solutions – Part 2: Off-wind Balance Laser Sailing Top Tips – Gybing – with Double Olympic Gold Medallist Shirley Robertson Gybing – Thoughts from Steve Cockerill, Frank Bethwaite… and me – Improper Course Blog

Related Posts

Optimist Gybing – Video Collection

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Gybed: Mastering the Art of Sailboat Maneuvering

by Emma Sullivan | Jul 14, 2023 | Sailboat Gear and Equipment

==Short answer gybed:== To gybe, in sailing, refers to a maneuver where a boat changes its direction by turning the stern through the wind. This involves moving the boom from one side to the other. Gybing is done when sailing downwind or crosswind and requires careful execution to prevent accidents or capsizing.

Gybed: A Comprehensive Guide

Gybed: A Comprehensive Guide – Unlocking the Art of Changing Tacks with Finesse and Technique

Ahoy, fellow sailors! Today, we embark on a nautical journey to unravel the intricacies of one of sailing’s most essential maneuvers – the gybe. Get ready to tighten your sails and broaden your knowledge as we provide you with a comprehensive guide to executing this maneuver with professional finesse and a touch of wit.

What Is a Gybe?

In simple terms, a gybe (or jibe) is when a sailboat changes tack by moving from one side of the wind to the other through an arc-shaped maneuver. This maneuver is crucial for effectively utilizing wind angles while maintaining control over your vessel. However, mastering it requires practice, strategy, and an understanding of its different techniques and considerations.

The Wind Configuration Dance

Before embarking on our detailed exploration, let’s discuss wind configurations. A successful gybe depends on keen awareness of the surrounding winds and their positioning in relation to your boat. The two main types are:

1. Running Gybes: These occur while sailing downwind when the wind blows directly from aft or behind your boat. Here, we’ll mainly focus on strategic execution.

2. Reaching Gybes: During these gybes, you’re navigating at an angle between upwind and downwind sailing positions—more challenging but equally rewarding when executed gracefully.

Now that we’ve set sail towards understanding gybing, let’s dive into some key aspects:

1. Safety First – Prepare Your Ship!

Before undergoing any manoeuvre, prioritize safety above all else! Ensure all crew members are wearing life jackets, have clear communication channels set up (consider handheld VHF radios), secure loose gear onboard (we don’t want rogue equipment sinking ship morale!), and confirm that everyone has a firm grip or harness during heavy weather conditions.

2. Sail Trim Mastery

Get ready to tweak those sails and finesse your trim for optimal outcomes. Gybing efficiently depends on balancing the power of the wind and maintaining control over your boat’s motion. Understanding your sail setup, adjusting angle of attack (upwind vs. downwind), regulating sheet tension accordingly, and anticipating shifts are all part of the game.

3. Timing Is Everything

Ah, timing – the spice that adds flavor to any sailing maneuver! Perfecting it requires observation, experience, and repeated practice. Understanding wind patterns, both immediate and forthcoming changes, allows you to anticipate when to initiate a gybe strategically—no crystal ball needed; just an astute eye!

4. The Art of Steering

Smooth steering is the key to executing a graceful gybe while avoiding loss of momentum or risking dangerous broaches (something we’d rather watch in nature documentaries!). Maintain precise control by feeling the helm’s response and making gradual adjustments with rudder or tiller movement during transitions.

5. Clear Communication – Aye Aye!

The lingo expressed through concise yet effective communication amongst crew members is vital for seamless gybe execution. From properly timed commands – “Prepare to gybe,” “Hard-a-lee,” “Ease her off,” to acknowledging successful completion – open channels alleviate confusion and ensure everyone stays coordinated like a well-oiled machine.

6. Adapting to Different Vessels

Every ship has its own personality! Factors such as rig design, keel weight distribution, hull shape, windage effect, and even vessel size can influence how you approach gybing maneuvers successfully — adaptability is core!

7. Practice Makes Perfect (or Almost!)

Becoming proficient at gybing demands regular honing of skills through practice sessions on the water. By mastering essential techniques through repetition – boom handling, smooth weight transfers across boat axes (“shifting dem der buns”), optimizing trimming methods – you’ll be navigating those arcs like a pro in no time.

Mastering the Mysteries of the Gybe

There you have it, sailors – a comprehensive guide to gybing like a seasoned mariner. Remember, practice, patience, and perseverance are your trusty companions on this voyage. Embrace the wind as your ally and let technique steer you towards success.

So grab that tiller, trim those sails, and embark on an exciting adventure mastering the art of gybing – always staying safe while embracing the incredible dance between wind and water.

Happy sailing!

How to Gybe: Expert Techniques and Tips

Title: Mastering the Gybe: Unleashing Expert Techniques and Tips

Introduction: As you venture into the thrilling world of sailing, one maneuver that can truly elevate your skills is performing a flawless “gybe.” Whether you’re a seasoned sailor or just setting sail for the first time, understanding the expert techniques and tips behind this maneuver will empower you to navigate any conditions with finesse and precision. In this comprehensive guide, we will unveil the art of gybing, unravel its intricacies, and equip you with the knowledge to execute it flawlessly.

1. The Essence of Gybing: Gybing is an essential sailing maneuver whereby a boat transitions from sailing on one tack (wind coming over one side) to another by turning stern-first through the wind. Unlike tacking, which involves turning into the wind and crossing it head-on, gybing allows us to change direction while keeping the wind’s momentum powering our sails from behind. This methodical shift in course enables us to maintain speed while minimizing interruptions to our course.

2. Preparation is Key: Achieving a seamless gybe relies heavily on meticulous planning and preparation before executing the actual maneuver. Take note of these crucial elements:

a) Assess Wind Conditions: Understanding wind strength, direction changes, gusts, or lulls can significantly impact your gybing strategy. b) Crew Communication: Establish clear communication between crew members; each person should know their assigned tasks during gybing. c) Ready Your Sails: Trim mainsail and headsail properly before initiating the maneuver; anticipate adjustments needed during transition.

3. Approaching a Gybe: Carefully following these steps when preparing for a gybe ensures smooth execution:

a) Signal Intentions: Communicate your intentions clearly with nearby vessels using internationally recognized signals. b) Prepare Helm Positioning: Properly position your helm towards initiating a turn in sync with other crew members’ actions. c) Ease the Mainsheet: Gradually release tension on the mainsheet to allow your mainsail to respond smoothly during the maneuver.

4. Executing a Flawless Gybe: Timing and coordination are vital components for executing a textbook gybe:

a) Initiate the Turn: As you approach your desired gybing point, ensure a steady hand on the helm and commence turning. b) Shift Crew Weight: Coordinate shifting crew weight towards leeward (the opposite side of the turn). This adjustment stabilizes the boat during transition. c) Maintain Sail Control: Adjust sails promptly while transitioning through dead-downwind, avoiding loss of speed or control. d) Trim Sails for New Course: After completing the gybe, trim both main and headsail in accordance with your intended course direction.

5. Pitfalls and Problem Solving: Occasionally, unexpected challenges may arise while performing a gybe. Here are some common issues and their solutions:

a) Stalling during Transition: If your boat loses momentum during transition, check sail settings and swiftly adjust to maximize wind powering your sails. b) Uncontrolled Boat-Swinging Rudder: Should an uncontrolled boat-swinging rudder occur, make sure everyone shifts their weight properly; this helps prevent excessive yawing. c) Dealing with Heavy Winds or Waves: In challenging conditions such as heavy winds or waves, anticipate increased forces acting upon your sails by adjusting trim accordingly.

Conclusion: Mastering the art of gybing requires not only knowledge of expert techniques but also practice, sharp situational awareness, and effective communication within your crew. By incorporating these tips into your sailing repertoire, you will conduct smooth gybes like a seasoned sailor – turning heads in admiration as you gracefully navigate even the most demanding waters. So set sail confidently; embrace challenges head-on as you continue honing this essential maneuver that adds finesse to your sailing adventures.

Mastering the Gybing Technique: Step-by-Step Tutorial

Ah, the art of gybing! It’s a skill that separates the novice windsurfers from the true masters of the sport. If you’re looking to take your windsurfing game to the next level, then perfecting your gybing technique is an essential step.

The gybing technique involves smoothly transitioning from one tack (heading into the wind) to another tack (heading away from the wind) while maintaining control and speed. It sounds simple enough, but executing it flawlessly takes practice, finesse, and a deep understanding of how your board, sail, and body should cooperate in sync.

Step 1: Analyze Your Approach

Before you even think about executing a smooth gybe, it’s crucial to analyze your approach. Position yourself with your backhand gripping near the mast base for added control. Keep an eye on the wind direction and choose your desired exit point carefully – this will determine your course throughout the maneuver.

Step 2: Pick Your Moment

Timing is everything when it comes to gybing. Wait until you reach a broad reach position (sailing at right angles to the wind), so that when you carve into your turn, you’ll have both speed and balance on your side. Remember, rushing into a gybe can lead to disaster!

Step 3: Carve Your Board

As you enter the broad reach position, initiate carving by applying pressure on your lee rail or back foot while keeping slight pressure on your front foot too. This pressure will help pivot your board around smoothly. Be sure not to overdo it; controlled weight distribution is key here!

Step 4: Finishing Off with Finesse

Now comes the moment of truth – completing your turn successfully without losing momentum or falling off balance! As you carve through, guide your rig across by pulling in with both hands as if drawing a semi-circle in the air. Keep your sail high to maintain power, but be mindful of maintaining balance by bending your knees and shifting your weight towards the mast base.

Step 5: Setting Sail on Your New Tack

Once your turn is complete, you’ll find yourself sailing on a new tack with a fresh burst of speed. Gradually stand up straight, starting to sheet in slightly as you pick up speed. Make any necessary adjustments to find your optimal riding position and get ready to ride that wind like a pro!

Remember, mastering the gybing technique takes time and practice. Don’t be discouraged if it doesn’t come naturally at first – it’s all part of the learning process! Start by practicing in light winds and gradually build up to stronger conditions as you gain confidence.

Pro tip: Filming yourself while practicing can provide valuable insights into what you’re doing right or wrong. Analyze your footage afterwards and make notes for improvement.

So there you have it – a step-by-step tutorial on mastering the gybing technique. By understanding each stage thoroughly, putting them into practice, and staying patient with yourself, there will come a day when executing smooth gybes becomes second nature. So get out there, hit the water, and prepare to elevate your windsurfing prowess like never before!

Frequently Asked Questions about Gybing: All You Need to Know

Gybing, a sailing maneuver that involves turning the stern of a boat through the wind, is both thrilling and challenging for sailors. It requires precise timing, expert boat handling skills, and an understanding of how wind and water interact with your vessel. In this blog post, we aim to address some frequently asked questions about gybing, providing you with all the knowledge you need to execute this maneuver safely and effectively.

1. What is the purpose of gybing? Gybing allows sailors to change their course when sailing downwind or at an angle to the wind. By turning the stern across the wind, you can transition from one tack (the side of your boat that faces closer to the wind) to another more efficiently while maintaining speed and control.

2. How do I know when to gybe? Timing is crucial when it comes to gybing. You should consider factors such as wind direction, boat speed, wave conditions, and overall balance before deciding whether it’s appropriate to gybe. Plan your gybes in advance based on these variables so that you can make them at opportune moments without losing momentum or endangering yourself or others.

3. How should I prepare my sailboat for a gybe? Before initiating a gybe, ensure that all crew members are informed and ready for the maneuver. Secure loose items on board and tidy up any potential hazards that may interfere with a smooth transition. Trim your sails appropriately for downwind sailing by adjusting their angle relative to the apparent wind.

4. What are some common mistakes to avoid during a gybe? One frequent error made by inexperienced sailors is allowing excessive mainsail pressure during a gybe – this can lead to uncontrolled acceleration which puts unnecessary strain on equipment and risks capsizing or broaching (when the boat gets turned sideways). Additionally, never underestimate cold water shock if accidentally immersed while performing sharp maneuvers – always wear appropriate safety gear!

5. How can I master the art of gybing? Like any sailing skill, practice makes perfect. Start with gentle gybes in light wind conditions to get comfortable with the maneuver. Gradually increase the difficulty by incorporating stronger winds and varying sea states. Experiment with different techniques, such as easing the mainsail slowly during a gybe or using active weight distribution to maintain balance.

6. Are there specific techniques for gybing small boats versus larger vessels? While many principles remain the same across different boat sizes, smaller vessels often require more agility and precise weight shifting to execute successful gybes. Larger boats may require you to plan your maneuvers in advance due to their longer keels and greater momentum. Adapt your technique accordingly, always considering the size, design, and responsiveness of your vessel.

7. How do I handle unexpected wind or wave conditions during a gybe? Sailing rarely presents perfect conditions; therefore, it’s essential to be adaptable on the water. Be prepared for sudden gusts or waves that could impact your control during a gybe. Anticipate these challenges by maintaining a firm grasp on the tiller or wheel, adjusting sail settings promptly if necessary (e.g., depowering sails), and communicating effectively with your crew to ensure everyone is ready for any surprises!

Mastering the art of gybing takes time and experience. By understanding the fundamentals and patiently practicing this maneuver while keeping safety at the forefront of your mind, you’ll become more confident handling your sailboat under various downwind scenarios. Enjoy honing your skills on those blustery days when you can’t help but embrace all that sailing has to offer!

Avoiding Common Mistakes while Gybing: Proven Strategies

Gybing, also known as jibing, is a crucial maneuver in sailing that involves changing the direction of the boat by swinging the stern through the wind. It is an exhilarating part of sailing that can lead to smooth and efficient turns. However, it can also be a source of frustration and potential danger if not executed correctly.

In this blog post, we will discuss some common mistakes sailors make while gybing and share proven strategies to avoid them. By following these tips, you can ensure a seamless gybe every time, impress your crew members, and maintain safety on board.

1. Failing to Prepare:

One of the most common mistakes sailors make while gybing is not preparing adequately for the maneuver. Gybing requires careful planning and anticipation to avoid accidents or damage to equipment. Before initiating a gybe, always check your surroundings for any obstacles or other vessels that may impede your path. Clear communication with your crew members is crucial during this process.

2. Neglecting Wind Control:

Proper wind control plays a vital role in executing a successful gybe. Failing to control the mainsail can result in uncontrolled swinging of the boom, potentially causing injury or damage to the rigging or crew members. Ensure you have secured the boom properly before starting your maneuver by easing out on the mainsheet slightly so that it doesn’t slam hard across during the gybe.

3. Ignoring Boom Height:

Maintaining an appropriate boom height throughout the gybing process is essential for safety and efficiency. Many sailors tend to forget about boom height as they focus on steering or adjusting sail trim during a gybe. A high boom during this maneuver increases the risk of accidental jibes and unexpected movements due to excessive pressure on the sails from improper trimming.

4. Rushing Through Transitions:

Another common mistake while gybing is rushing through the transition phase. This can lead to uncontrolled movements, loss of balance, and potential accidents. Take your time during each stage of the gybe: steering through the wind, transitioning with control, and aligning your boat on the new tack. By maintaining a smooth and composed approach to each step, you will minimize risks while achieving a more efficient maneuver.

5. Inadequate Communication:

Effective communication among crew members is essential for any sailing maneuver, and gybing is no exception. Failing to communicate your intentions or misunderstanding instructions can lead to confusion, panic, or accidents. Establish clear hand signals or verbal cues before attempting a gybe to keep everyone informed and ensure coordinated movements throughout the process.

6. Not Accounting for Currents or Waves:

When planning a gybe, it’s important not only to consider wind conditions but also factors like currents and waves present in your sailing area. Neglecting these elements can cause instability during the maneuver and throw off your intended course. Understand how these environmental factors might affect your boat’s behavior before initiating a gybe so that you can adjust accordingly.

By avoiding these common mistakes and implementing our proven strategies, you will boost your confidence in executing successful gybes while enhancing safety onboard. Remember always to prepare well in advance, maintain proper wind control and boom height, execute transitions smoothly at an appropriate pace, communicate effectively with your crew members, and take into account environmental factors that may influence your gybing experience.

Gybe Like a Pro: Unlocking Advanced Gybing Maneuvers

Title: Gybe Like a Pro: Unlocking Advanced Gybing Maneuvers

Introduction: Gybing, also known as jibing, is a crucial maneuver in sailing that can make or break your performance on the water. Once you have mastered the basics of gybing, it’s time to take it up a notch and unlock advanced gybing maneuvers. In this blog post, we will dive into the intricacies of these techniques, providing you with professional insights while injecting a touch of wit and cleverness.

1. The Carve Gybe: Imagine yourself gracefully carving through the water with pinpoint accuracy – that’s the essence of the carve gybe. This advanced manoeuvre requires finesse and impeccable timing. As you approach the gybe, bear away slightly to gain momentum before initiating the turn. As you begin your carve, imagine yourself on a slalom course as you aim to maintain your speed and glide through the arc seamlessly.

2. The Planing Gybe: For those seeking an adrenaline rush on every sail, mastering the planing gybe is a must! This technique focuses on harnessing wind power efficiently to enter into a plane smoothly during your gybe. Keeping your body weight forward and utilizing controlled foot pressure against your board will help generate lift and maintain stability throughout this high-paced maneuver.

3. The Downwind Slalom: Why settle for just one string of exhilarating turns when you can spice things up with multiple? Picture yourself riding waves downwind while skillfully weaving through them – that’s what the downwind slalom aims to achieve. By blending sharp turns with your forward momentum, you’ll conquer each wave like a seasoned pro.

4. The Speed Slam: Want to add some flair to your routine while showcasing swift boat handling skills? Enter: The Speed Slam! This maneuver combines precise timing with explosive energy release during the transition from one tack to another – resulting in an instantaneous boost of speed. As you complete your gybe, swiftly bring your boat to a close-hauled course, squeezing every ounce of power from the wind as you roar ahead.

5. The Foiling Gybe: For all the foiling enthusiasts out there, we’ve got something special in store for you – the foiling gybe! This advanced maneuver demands ultimate control and balance as you navigate through this thrilling airborne technique. By smoothly transitioning from one foil to another during the tack, you’ll experience an otherworldly sensation of floating above the water while elegantly shifting directions.

Conclusion: Unlocking advanced gybing maneuvers takes practice, persistence, and a dash of daring. Each technique brings its unique challenges and rewards, adding depth and excitement to your sailing repertoire. Whether it’s mastering the carve or experiencing the thrill of foiling, continuous improvement in these maneuvers will undoubtedly elevate your sailing prowess. So go forth, channel your inner pro sailor, and embrace these advanced techniques with style and finesse!

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The Controlled Crash Gybe

Mastering the controlled crash gybe is crucial for any sailor looking to safely navigate downwind while minimizing the risks of an uncontrolled gybe, ensuring a smooth and controlled transition from one side of the boat to the other.

Embarking on a sailing adventure with your family is an exciting and fulfilling experience. As you leave the rat race behind and embrace the open sea, it’s essential to have a solid foundation of sailing skills and techniques. One advanced maneuver that every sailor should master is the controlled crash gybe. In this article, we’ll explore the ins and outs of this technique, providing you with the knowledge and confidence to execute it safely and effectively.

Table of Contents

What is a gybe, the dangers of an uncontrolled gybe, the controlled crash gybe: an overview, step-by-step guide to a controlled crash gybe, common mistakes and how to avoid them, practice makes perfect.

A gybe (also spelled “jibe”) is a sailing maneuver in which the boat’s stern passes through the wind, causing the mainsail to shift from one side of the boat to the other. This is done when sailing downwind, as the boat changes its course to maintain the desired angle to the wind. Gybing is an essential skill for any sailor, as it allows you to navigate efficiently and safely in various wind conditions.

While gybing is a necessary maneuver, it can also be dangerous if not executed correctly. An uncontrolled gybe occurs when the mainsail shifts suddenly and violently from one side of the boat to the other, often causing the boom to swing across the cockpit at high speed. This can result in damage to the boat, injury to the crew, or even a capsize in extreme cases.

The primary cause of an uncontrolled gybe is a lack of communication and coordination among the crew. When the helmsperson decides to gybe without warning or preparation, the crew may not be ready to handle the sail and control the boom, leading to a chaotic and potentially dangerous situation.

The controlled crash gybe is a technique designed to minimize the risks associated with gybing. By carefully managing the boat’s speed, angle to the wind, and sail trim, the helmsperson can execute a smooth and controlled gybe that keeps the crew safe and the boat stable.

The key to a successful controlled crash gybe is communication and teamwork. The helmsperson must clearly signal their intention to gybe, allowing the crew to prepare for the maneuver and assume their positions. The crew must then work together to control the mainsail and boom, ensuring a smooth and controlled transition from one side of the boat to the other.

Prepare the crew : Before initiating the gybe, the helmsperson should communicate their intention to the crew. This allows everyone to prepare for the maneuver and assume their positions. The crew should also ensure that all loose items are secured and that everyone is wearing appropriate safety gear, such as lifejackets and harnesses.

Check the surroundings : Before gybing, the helmsperson should scan the area for any potential hazards, such as other boats, buoys, or shallow water. This ensures that the boat has a clear path to execute the maneuver safely.

Adjust the boat’s speed : To execute a controlled crash gybe, the boat should be traveling at a moderate speed. If the boat is moving too quickly, the force of the gybe can be more difficult to control. The helmsperson can reduce the boat’s speed by easing the mainsail and headsail sheets, allowing the sails to luff slightly.

Begin the gybe : As the boat approaches the desired gybe angle, the helmsperson should steer the boat downwind, allowing the stern to pass through the wind. The crew should be ready to control the mainsail and boom as they begin to shift.

Control the mainsail : As the mainsail begins to shift, the crew should work together to control its movement. One crew member should ease the mainsheet, allowing the sail to move across the boat, while another crew member should pull in the new mainsheet to control the sail’s speed and angle. This coordinated effort helps to ensure a smooth and controlled gybe.

Control the boom : As the boom begins to swing across the cockpit, the crew should use a preventer or boom brake to control its speed and movement. This helps to prevent the boom from slamming violently into the rigging and causing damage or injury.

Complete the gybe : Once the mainsail and boom have safely transitioned to the other side of the boat, the helmsperson should steer the boat onto its new course, maintaining the desired angle to the wind. The crew should then trim the sails for optimal performance on the new tack.

Failing to communicate : Clear communication is essential for a successful controlled crash gybe. The helmsperson should always signal their intention to gybe, allowing the crew to prepare for the maneuver and assume their positions.

Gybing too quickly : Attempting to gybe at high speed can make the maneuver more difficult to control and increase the risk of an uncontrolled gybe. The helmsperson should reduce the boat’s speed before initiating the gybe, ensuring a smoother and safer transition.

Not controlling the mainsail and boom : Failing to control the mainsail and boom during a gybe can result in a violent and dangerous situation. The crew should work together to manage the sail and boom, using a preventer or boom brake to control their movement.

Like any sailing skill, mastering the controlled crash gybe takes practice and experience. By working together as a team and focusing on communication, speed control, and sail management, you and your family can become proficient in this advanced maneuver. As you continue to explore the open sea and embrace the freedom of the sailing lifestyle, the controlled crash gybe will become an invaluable tool in your sailing arsenal.

Heavy wind gybing – fast and safe!

by Niclas | May 27, 2012 | boat handling | 0 comments

Gybing the boat in windier conditions is always going to be a bit of a challenge and there’s plenty of opportunity for mistakes which can slow you down and even be dangerous. With the right preparations and precaution taken you can significantly improve your chances of safe and fast gybes, even when the wind is above your normal level of comfort. This article is focusing entirely on the main sail aspect of the gybe, genoa and/or spinnaker gybing will be covered in another article.

Preparations

The key principle to bear in mind when gybing the main is to do it when the boat is going its fastest, i.e. during a surf or even planing (for a centerboard boat).

If at all possible, avoid gybing at the mark as it will mean you can’t pick the ideal timing of the gybe from a wind and boat speed perspective.

It will also give you much less time to sort things out after the gybe and will cause stress bringing on sheets etc. Much better is to have the gybe completed before reaching the next mark.

Assuming you decided tactically that now is the time for gybing start preparing, i.e.

• Crew taking their positions for the gybe, making sure no one is at risk of getting caught in the main sheet or hit by the boom.
• Center the traveler of the main sheet, and make sure the main sheet will run freely i.e. not caught on anything.
• Main trimmer start bringing on the sheet (if that’s the technique used, see sheeting techniques below)

Timing and executing the gybe !

This is where the experience and practice of the helmsman comes in, making sure the boat gybes when the pressure on the main is as low as possible. This is done by timing the gybe when doing maximum speed surfing down a wave or taking the opportunity in a temporary lull.

When the helmsman decides the time is right he bears away until the boat is sailing by the lee to the point where the sail “wants” to come over – that’s the time to grab hold of the sheet and throw the boom over (if the size of boat allows for it).

At the same time as the boom comes across the helmsman should steer back slightly – say 5-10 degrees to counteract the force of the main coming across. This is important and will prevent the boat from broaching/capsizing!

Main sheeting techniques

Basically there are two options of bringing the boom across when executing the gybe:

A – Grabbing the main sheet and manually throwing the boom across

pros and cons:

• reduces the risk of not being able to release the main quickly enough after the gybe, hence less risk of broaching or capsizing
• if the main trimmer doesn’t time it properly the gybe will be a fairly violent one with risks to the rigg and crew
• there is a risk that the sheet will get caught on something during the gybe (when it’s slack) which could cause broaching or damage to boat or crew.
• on really big boats this will not be an option

And here’s an example of some very well executed gybes on a Melges 32 in a fresh breeze:

B – Sheeting in (on a winch) and very quickly releasing once the boom has come across . When possible, depending on the main sheet system the main trimmer should be supported by other crew member pulling the “A frame” or similar to help bring on the sheet quickly.

• This method will reduce the distance the boom will come across in the gybe and hence reduce the momentum of the boom
• The drawback is that the boat will be more difficult to steer and have much more tendency for broaching as there will be a side component of the generated force from the sail. Key to success is to bring on the sheet as fast as humanly possible in order to minimise the time in this less stable phase.
• Unless the main trimmer releases the sheet quickly enough when the boom comes across the boat will almost certainly broach/capsize, however if the release goes smoothly this is probably the safest method in higher winds.

In a dinghy

In a dinghy it’s sometimes easier to go from reach to reach quickly rather than be running for a while, as the boat is much faster reaching. It can feel scary to begin with but try it and see that it works – you will gybe with minimum pressure in the main and much less risk of a round-up or capsize.

When it’s too risky – go for the safe option

Depending on boat type and crew skills there will come a point where the wind strenght just is too much for a safe gybe and the quicker and safer option will be to make a “granny rounding” i.e. tack instead of gybe.

Practice, practice

Gybing in heavy winds is something which really benefits from practicing so don’t be afraid and go out there and go for it, it’s really exciting and lots of fun when it works well!

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Deep Water Happy

Basic gybing a sailboat.

• On May 18, 2023
• By Kimberly

Basic Gybing a Sailboat: 1) Preparation 2) Maneuver 3) Swapping Hands/Helms

Commands : .

Helmsman/Helmsperson gives the command: “Prepare to gybe.” This gives the crew a chance to get ready and set up for the maneuver. Trim main sheet. Helmsman puts the tiller away from the mainsail, (windward side) and gives the command: “Gybe-ho.” This notifies the crew that the boat is being turned. Or, helmsman turns the wheel toward the mainsail.

“Ready to gybe?” • “Prepare to gybe!” • “Ready to gybe?” • “Prepare to gybe!” You can choose what you want to say, but it is recommended that you don’t stray too far from those phrases listed above. Crew looks 360° around the boat, get ready to gybe, and says, “Ready!”

What do I prefer? “Ready to Gybe,” “Ready,” “Gybe-Ho.” Simple challenge and response; no chance for miscommunication.

Procedure :

• Helmsperson decides to gybe, must communicate action to crew
• Helmsperson says, “Ready to Gybe” and indicates next point of sail and direction
• Crew gets main and jib sheets ready; this action varies by boat
• Crew says, “Ready”
• Helmsperson checks that crew are truly ready
• Helmsperson initiates a slow, smooth turn to preserve momentum
• Helmsperson allows boat to coast downwind, avoids oversteering, look forward
• Boat runs downwind, loses speed, helmsperson readies to shift sides
• Crew releases burdened jib sheet when the clew dips
• Helmsperson turns boat a bit quickly to finish tack – as needed; boats are different
• Crew sheets in lazy sheet, there will be immediate resistance
• Crew adjusts sheets to point of sail one deeper than final point of sail
• Crew readjusts sheets to actual point of sail once momentum is gained
• Crew readies lazy jib sheet for the next gybe, helmsperson moves body upwind

Questions : 

What is gybing? How do you know when to gybe a sailboat? What do you say when you gybe a sailboat? What is the difference between tacking and gybing?

Why/when would you backwind the jib? When would you consider a “Chicken Gybe?” What is the benefit of “challenge and command” over “command?”

What part of the boat passes through the wind when you tack?

What additional care must be taken when gybing vice tacking? What damage can result?

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About Kimberly

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Yachting World

• Digital Edition

Double handed sailing skills: gybing symmetric spinnakers

• July 13, 2023

In the penultimate instalment of her series on double handed sailing skills, Pip Hare explains the best process for gybing a symmetric spinnaker

Double handed sailing skills are increasingly important to master as the recent boom in double handed racing, both inshore and offshore, continues and boats designed for couples to cruise two-up become ever more popular. We now regularly see crews of two managing all sizes of boat, and sailing them with the same efficiency and expectations as full crews.

These techniques are designed for double handed crews sailing a yacht with an autopilot, and an asymmetric spinnaker. We’re sailing a  J/99 , which has a fixed bowsprit and hanked-on jib. Thanks to  Key Yachting  for their support.

Gybing a symmetrical spinnaker short-handed requires bold, firm moves and good wind awareness. Once you understand the technique it can be a relatively low-risk manoeuvre but it might feel a little pressured the first few times. The basic principle is to keep the spinnaker flying with enough positive pressure to stop the clews collapsing inwards and allowing the sail to twist. This is achieved by gybing relatively quickly, with a greater rate of turn than you may normally use and coming out of the gybe at a high angle to push the spinnaker down to leeward while switching the pole.

Pip advises setting the autopilot to compass heading rather then wind angle. Photo: Richard Langdon/Pip Hare Ocean Racing

The autopilot will drive throughout the gybe, leaving one crew to manage the foredeck while the other controls the cockpit. If you do not have an autopilot control pad accessible it is worth investing in a remote control which can be worn on the arm. Set your instruments to show wind angle, heading and the set heading for the autopilot. This will stop you from oversteering if there’s a delay in course change.

It’s also a good idea to increase the pilot response levels during the gybe, particularly if you have been on economy setting. You need the boat to move dynamically to ensure the spinnaker doesn’t have any opportunity to wrap. I recommend using the autopilot on compass heading mode while gybing.

Going into the gybe, steer a deep angle downwind and square the pole all the way back (remember to ease the downhaul). Photo: Richard Langdon/Pip Hare Ocean Racing

The mainsail

How you manage the mainsail during the gybe will depend on conditions, and your confidence levels. For a safer approach, bring the traveller to windward then sheet the mainsail in so the end of the boom is inside the footprint of the deck. This will reduce the travel of the mainsail during the gybe and soften its landing.

I’d not recommend sheeting the main in tighter unless the sea is flat, as the resultant loss of boat speed will make it difficult for the pilot to maintain a downwind course in waves. For experienced crews, confident with the procedure, leave the mainsheet at full length and flick it over during the gybe.

Ease the guy so the foredeck crew can gybe the pole (here end-to-end) after the boat has gybed. Photo: Richard Langdon/Pip Hare Ocean Racing

To start the gybe, centre the main (as already mentioned), then steer the boat downwind to the lowest angle possible with sails still flying. As you steer downwind, bring the spinnaker pole back as far as it will go – both crew can be in the cockpit at this stage. Do not consider steering through the gybe until the pole is fully back. The pole will remain in position on the windward, then leeward (after the gybe) side of the boat until everything else has been gybed, keeping the clew locked into one position. Make sure you take up the slack on the lazy sheet as the pole comes back.

Ease the working sheet to allow the spinnaker to rotate to windward so the leeward clew is just past the forestay but no further. Over-rotating the spinnaker will make the sail less stable and allow the unsupported clew to fly up after the gybe. To help keep this clew under control, pull the tweaker on to the height of the top guardrail.

Once the sail is set, ease the windward sheet and let the main back out, then get set up on your new course. Photo: Richard Langdon/Pip Hare Ocean Racing

Once the spinnaker is flying aggressively to windward you can steer through the gybe. Use the pilot to alter course in 10° increments. The main can either be left to flop over then released, or can be flicked over by the foredeck crew before heading up to change the pole. Pass relatively quickly through the dead downwind position and aim to come out of the gybe at a higher angle than you went in. The objective is to ensure the wind angle is sufficiently broad to push the spinnaker to leeward and avoid it flying forward, which is when the sail is most at risk of wrapping. You may start the gybe at a wind angle of 175° true, but come out of it at 160° true. The spinnaker should sit in the same position with very little movement. Effectively you are moving the boat underneath the spinnaker.

Once the boat has gybed and the mainsail is eased, it’s time to gybe the pole. Remember that the new leeward side is still controlled by the guy through the pole – you will need to load up the new working sheet before unloading the guy to ensure the pole does not fly forward. On the new windward side, the sheet will be holding all the load, via a tweaker, leaving the guy loose to take the pole.

End-to-end pole systems are easier for double-handed teams to manage. Photo: Richard Langdon/Pip Hare Ocean Racing

Gybing the pole

End-to-end – Release the pole downhaul a little to allow full movement. Pick up the new guy and place it over one shoulder so it is to hand when you need it. Ensure the new guy is not loaded onto the cockpit winch until safely in the jaws of the pole. Pull the pole trip line and disconnect from the mast then guide it across the foredeck beam to beam. There should be no pressure on the pole and its weight will be supported by the uphaul. The old guy may not immediately trip out of the pole end: if this is the case, slide the pole across the boat and take it out by hand.

Place the new guy in the pole end and then push out to windward and clip onto the mast. Be aware during this stage of how the pole will sit in relation to the old sheet. It may not be possible to get the pole under the sheet during the gybe – this is OK so long as you note it and then flick or re-run the sheet after the gybe. Once the pole is in position, pull on the guy until it’s taking the load of the spinnaker and then release the sheet. Pull the downhaul back on and trim as normal.

Dip Pole – Ensure the new sheet is taking the load before releasing the old guy on the leeward corner. With a dip pole gybe it’s vital the new sheet is led over the top of the pole because if it takes the load from underneath it will prevent the pole from dropping away.

Once the sheet is on, the foredeck crew can slide the inboard end of the pole to the top of the track, then pull the pole trip line to open the jaws. Grab the new guy making sure it’s not made off in the cockpit and head to the bow facing the stern.

In a co-ordinated move, the cockpit crew will ease the downhaul to a preconfigured mark, while the foredeck crew guides the pole forward over the guard wires by pulling on the downhaul falls, both working together to scribe a smooth arc with the pole end. If the guy has not tripped out of the beak it will come in with the pole so check it’s free to run.

Once the pole is centred, the foredeck crew can swap guys, close the jaws and then gently lift the pole end out and over the guardrails while the cockpit crew pulls the uphaul. It will not be possible to set the new guy at the same time as managing the pole uphaul so don’t be in a hurry. The spinnaker will remain stable, over-sheeted to leeward and you can spend the time setting the pole, ensuring it sits under the old sheet. Once the pole is in position, sheet on the guy – making sure it takes the load fully, before releasing the old sheet and moving to normal trim.

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The Difference Between Tacking And Jibing (Gybing)

7 real reasons why you should own a sailboat, how to set a sailboat anchor in 5 steps, what do you do when there is no wind.

When I first started out, I remember going through my very first tacks and jibes.  The skipper would call out “Ready About!” and I will admit, I was not ready at all. I watched and listened as more seasoned sailors around me rapidly released ropes free of winches, while others wrapped ropes around other winches.  Ropes were sent flying off the side, and other ropes were hauled in with ferocity, almost desperation. The boat would heel from one side to the other uncomfortably and I lost my balance regularly. My tacking and jibing knowledge was “baptism by fire”, and I had to learn quick.  I found that actually taking part in the process of tacking and jibing sealed my understanding of these two processes. On that trip, I became one of the well-oiled-machine-crew as we tacked and jibed our way up and down the channel. It was awesome!

I hope to break down these concepts in this guide so that you too can get a jumpstart on understanding the difference between tacking and jibing. If you understand the principles upfront, your actual hands on experience will be so much easier.

What is the difference between a tacking and a jibing?  Tacking is how you head upwind , pointing as high into the wind as possible, to keep the sails full.  A jibe is conducted when you are heading downwind . Both involve the processes of turning the boat to change course when the current direction of travel is no longer possible or safe.

But wait…..How can a sailboat go against the wind?

Sailing Against the Wind

In the explanation that follows, I will be assuming the wind is steady and is  coming from one direction only.

When heading upwind, a sailboat is said to be on a tack. Now, by upwind I don’t mean directly into the wind.  Sailboats need to turn away from the wind by about 45 degrees so the the sails can fill with wind. This is about as high as a sailboat can ‘point’ upwind.  The wind will be blowing over one side of the boat, and the other side will not be in the direct wind. The windward side is called the weather rail, the no-wind side is called the lee.

Sailing upwind is possible in the same way flying is possible for an airplane wing. When wind passes by a wing it goes both over the top and under the bottom of the wing. The wing shape is designed so that wind travelling over the wing has to travel further than the same wind going under the wing. This creates lift. You can recreate this by holding the edge of a piece of paper horizontally up to your mouth.  Blowing air at the edge across the “top” side of the sheet. From a hanging down position, the paper will lift and flap in the wind you created. The fast wind flowing across the top of the sheet will cause it to lift.

The same thing is happens as a sailboat tacks upwind.  The only difference is, the lift of the sails is kept contained by securing the loose ends of the sail to the boat by ropes.  These ropes are called sheets.

Just like blowing across the “top” of a horizontal sheet, the wind blows into the forward edge of a sail, creating a wing like shape, and the principles of lift take over.  If you’ve ever watched the America’s Cup sailing races, you will notice that the main sail of the racing sailboats is literally a vertical wing.

There is one more key component to sailing upwind, and that is the keel and rudder.  Without the keel, the sailboat would be pushed sideways by the oncoming wind. The keel enables the boat to establish a line of travel by not allowing the wind to push the boat sideways. The rudder works with the keel, once the boat is in motion, to establish the direction of that line.  

What is Tacking?

Sailboats can’t sail directly into the wind.  They can only head up about 30 – 45 degrees off the angle of the wind.  From a bird’s eye view, sailboats look like they are zig-zagging their way to their destination when they are tacking.  When heading upwind, you will either be on a port tack or a starboard tack. A port tack means the wind is coming over your port (left) side, and a starboard tack is when the wind is over your starboard (right) side.  While on a tack, your sails will likely be close hauled. That means that the sails are pulled in as tight (or close) to the boat as possible. When you find that you need to turn the boat, you will need do a tack. This is the only way to “make way” upwind.  

In a tack, if you point your course too high upwind, your sails will flap like a flag.  Point your course too low, and you may pick up some great speed, but you won’t make any headway upwind.  Effective tacking means finding the balance between pointing high, and maintaining speed.

What is Jibing?

Jibing happens when you are heading downwind.  It should be thought of as turning the stern across the wind, as opposed to turning the bow across the wind.  When you need to jibe the boat, you use the same basic techniques as tacking, only the main and jib sheets are most of the way out.

How to Tack

Tacking is when you change the course of the sailboat by steering the bow across the wind. As the bow is steered across the path of the wind, the sails will fill on the other side, and the boat will heel over the other way.  The boat will now be travelling approximately 90 degrees from the last heading.

There are a few things to coordinate in a successful tack. Communication with your crew is very important.  As the boat approaches an area that the skipper feels is suitable for a tack, he will call out “Ready About!”  The crew then takes position at the winch, ready to let all of the jib sheet go. The skipper will then call out “Coming About!”  This is when he/she will steer the bow aggressively across the wind by about 90 degrees. Now is the time to release all of the jib sheet.  The jib sail will flap like a flag as the bow crosses the wind. This is the time to haul in tight on the other jib sheet. If you time it right, and with enough practice, a good crew can complete a tack with minimal lost speed.  

How to Jibe

Heading downwind, the principles of sailing are a little easier to understand.  The sails are filled with wind and are pushed by it. This is called running, and it is a direct line of travel with the direction of the wind. A sailboat that is running with the wind (or Wing-on-Wing) will have the main on one side of the boat, and the jib on the other.   Running requires the jib and main sheets to be let out nearly all the way. This allows the boom to move out and away from the cockpit, about 90 degrees. The same thing happens with the jib sail. Letting the jib sheet out allows the sail to catch the wind at about 90 degrees.  When the boat course needs to change, the boat is steered in such a way as for the stern to cross the wind. The wind will fill the backside of one of the sails as the boat turns. This can cause the boom to swing quite rapidly from one side of the boat to the other. This is a real danger to your crew if they are not prepared.  Being hit by the boom could be deadly.

If the boom remains in place, the jib will be the sail to backwind and need to be reset. The jib sheet will need to be released from the winch it was on, and hauled in on the other winch, just a bit.  

Running requires a great deal of attention to the wind and to the position of the sails.  It is not easy to keep both the main and jib sail full of wind. Accidental jibing happens all the time.  Many skippers prefer the broad reach as a way to keep under control a little better. Broad reaching is at times faster than running.  It is also a way to let your guard down a bit and relax while making way downwind.

Broad reaching is different than running, in that both of the sails will be on the same side of the boat.  It is not a direct line of travel with the wind, but looks more like a zig zag pattern. Jibing while broad reaching involves the same process as tacking, however the stern of the boat crosses the wind, as opposed to the bow.    

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Thank You, Your explanation as to the differences between tacking and jibing are crystal clear as well as edifying. I’ve seen a great many try and get these somewhat simple principals across, but none quite so eloquently as your explanation. Keep up the good work. If in the future I become confounded, I will seek out your advice on whatever subject is puzzling me

Much appreciated clarification. I’ve been on a few sails on a trimaran and while I repeatedly hear these terms, I get confused by their subtle differences in meaning.

Thanks for helping me understand these concepts!

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Mastering the Art of Tacking and Jibing: A Comprehensive Guide

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Welcome to our comprehensive guide, where we delve into the art of two fundamental sailing maneuvers: tacking and jibing. If you’re new to the world of sailing, these terms may seem unfamiliar, but fear not, we’re here to demystify them.

Tacking and jibing are essential maneuvers that every sailor, regardless of their experience level, should understand and master. But what do these terms actually mean?

In sailing, the wind’s direction plays a vital role in determining the course and speed of a sailboat. Since a sailboat cannot move directly into the wind, sailors use a technique called tacking to move ‘upwind’ or ‘into the wind.’ Tacking involves changing the boat’s direction by turning its bow (the front of the boat) through the wind, so that the wind changes from one side of the boat to the other.

Jibing (or gybing, as it’s known in some regions), on the other hand, is a maneuver used when sailing ‘downwind’ or ‘with the wind.’ It’s the opposite of tacking and involves changing the boat’s direction by turning its stern (the back of the boat) through the wind, causing the sail to switch from one side of the boat to the other.

Mastering these techniques is essential because they allow sailors to navigate effectively and safely under various wind conditions. Without these skills, your control over the boat is limited and can even lead to dangerous situations, especially in heavy weather conditions. By learning and practicing these maneuvers, you can enhance your ability to steer the boat accurately, boost your confidence on the water, and truly maximize your enjoyment of sailing.

In the upcoming sections, we’ll provide a detailed exploration of tacking and jibing techniques, offering step-by-step instructions, common mistakes to avoid, and practical tips to help you navigate the waters like a pro. Let’s set sail on this exciting journey!

Understanding the Basics

Before we dive deeper into tacking and jibing, it’s crucial to understand some fundamental sailing concepts – namely sailing upwind, downwind, and the points of sail .

When we refer to sailing ‘upwind’ or ‘windward’, we mean sailing in the direction from which the wind is coming. On the other hand, sailing ‘downwind’ or ‘leeward’ refers to sailing in the direction the wind is blowing towards. However, due to the design of sailboats and the physics of sailing, a sailboat cannot sail directly upwind or downwind efficiently. This is where tacking and jibing come into play.

Now let’s talk about the ‘points of sail.’ The point of sail is the boat’s course in relation to the wind direction. There are five main points of sail:

• In Irons (Into the Wind): This is when the boat is facing directly into the wind and can make little to no forward progress.
• Close-Hauled : The closest course to the wind that a boat can sail. The boat sails as tightly as possible towards the wind at roughly a 45-degree angle.
• Beam Reach : The wind is coming directly across the boat. This is often where the boat can achieve its highest speed.
• Broad Reach: The wind is coming from behind the boat, but not directly – it’s off to one side.
• Running (Downwind) : The boat is sailing in the same direction the wind is blowing.

Tacking and jibing are the techniques sailors use to change their direction or point of sail . When you’re sailing upwind (from close-hauled to a beam reach), you perform a series of ‘tacks’ to zigzag your way towards your destination. This is also known as ‘beating.’ Each turn or change of direction where the bow of the boat passes through the wind is a ‘tack.’

When you’re sailing downwind (from a broad reach to running), you perform a series of ‘jibes’ to move from one direction to another. In a jibe, the stern of the boat passes through the wind, causing the sails to switch sides.

In the next sections, we will delve into the step-by-step processes of tacking and jibing, ensuring you can execute these maneuvers with confidence and precision. By mastering these skills, you’ll be well on your way to navigating the open seas more effectively.

The Art of Tacking

Tacking is a fundamental sailing maneuver that allows a boat to move ‘upwind,’ towards the direction from which the wind is coming. Since a sailboat cannot sail directly into the wind due to the forces on its sails, sailors use a zigzag pattern, making a series of turns to progress upwind. Each of these turns, where the bow of the boat moves through the wind, is known as a ‘tack.’

Step-by-Step Guide to Executing a Tack

• Preparation:

Before initiating a tack, ensure you have enough sea room to perform the maneuver safely. Look around for other vessels, obstacles, or shallow water. The crew should be alerted and prepared to move the sails as needed. Once you’re ready to start, you’re sailing ‘close-hauled,’ or as close to the wind as your boat can efficiently sail.

Start by pushing or turning the tiller (or turning the wheel) towards the wind slowly. This action will cause the bow of your boat to head towards the wind, an area referred to as being ‘in irons.’ The sail will start to flap as it loses the wind.

• Completion:

Once the bow has crossed through the wind, quickly bring the tiller back to the central position to stop the turn. The boat should now be on the opposite tack, and the sail will fill with wind again. Adjust the sail for the new tack, and you’re back to sailing close-hauled, but in the opposite direction.

Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them

• Tacking too quickly: If you turn the boat too quickly, the sail may not have enough time to switch sides, and you could end up stuck ‘in irons.’ To avoid this, remember to make your turn gradually and smoothly.
• Not letting the sail loose quickly enough: If you don’t release the sail at the right time, it can prevent the boat from completing the tack. Make sure to coordinate with your crew (if you have one) to release and then trim the sail at the right times.
• Not using enough momentum: Particularly in light wind conditions, it’s important to enter the tack with enough speed. If you’re moving too slowly, you might not have enough momentum to complete the tack.

Practical Tips for Effective Tacking

• Practice your tacks in various wind conditions to understand how the wind speed and direction can affect your maneuvers.
• Clear communication with your crew can make the tacking process much smoother, especially when it comes to moving the sails.
• Always keep a lookout for potential obstacles, other vessels, or changes in the wind or water conditions.
• Remember, smooth and steady wins the race. Don’t rush the tacking process. It’s better to perform the maneuver slowly and correctly than to rush and make mistakes.

Mastering the art of tacking is a gradual process that comes with practice. But with these steps and tips in mind, you’ll be well on your way to proficiently navigating your sailboat upwind.

Mastering Jibing

Jibing, or gybing, is another vital sailing maneuver, essentially the opposite of tacking. While tacking involves changing the boat’s direction by moving the bow through the wind, jibing entails changing the boat’s course by passing its stern through the wind. This maneuver is most commonly used when sailing downwind, allowing the boat to shift from one ‘gybe’ (or side of the boat the wind is on) to the other.

Step-by-Step Guide to Executing a Jibe

Before initiating a jibe, ensure you have a clear path and enough space to perform the maneuver safely. Inform your crew about the upcoming maneuver so they can prepare to adjust the sails. At the start of a jibe, your boat should be on a ‘broad reach,’ with the wind coming from behind the boat and off to one side.

Gently turn the tiller or wheel away from the main sail. This action will cause your boat to bear away from the wind and the stern will start to move through the wind. As the boat turns, the sail will begin to move across the boat.

As the stern passes through the wind, the sail will quickly shift from one side of the boat to the other. It’s essential to control this move to prevent damage or injury. Once the sail has filled on the new side, straighten the tiller or wheel and adjust your course for the new gybe.

• Allowing the boom to swing across uncontrollably : This is a frequent and potentially dangerous mistake. Always control the boom’s movement using the mainsheet during the jibe.
• Jibing unintentionally: This can occur if the boat accidentally turns its stern through the wind. To avoid this, keep a firm grip on the tiller or wheel and maintain awareness of your course relative to the wind.
• Not preparing your crew : Everyone on board needs to know when a jibe is about to happen. The quick movement of the boom can cause injuries if crew members aren’t prepared.

Practical Tips for Safe and Effective Jibing

• Always be mindful of the boom. Ensure all crew members are aware of its movement during a jibe to avoid injuries.
• Practicing jibing in lighter wind conditions can be a good way to get the hang of the maneuver before attempting it in stronger winds.
• Clear and prompt communication with your crew is vital, especially when adjusting the sails.
• It can be useful to plan your course after the jibe beforehand, so you can quickly adjust and keep the boat moving smoothly.

Jibing, like tacking, is an essential skill in the sailor’s toolbox. While it can seem daunting at first, especially given the speed at which the sail moves across the boat, with practice, patience, and adherence to safety measures, you can master this maneuver and sail downwind efficiently.

Tacking vs. Jibing

Tacking and jibing, though seemingly opposite maneuvers, are two sides of the same coin – both are ways to change the direction of a sailboat relative to the wind. The primary difference lies in which part of the boat (bow or stern) passes through the wind and whether the boat is moving upwind (tacking) or downwind (jibing).

Comparing and Contrasting the Techniques

• Direction relative to the wind: Tacking is used when you want to move upwind, in the direction the wind is coming from. On the other hand, jibing is used when sailing downwind, in the direction the wind is blowing towards.
• Part of the boat through the wind: In tacking, the bow of the boat moves through the wind, causing the sails to switch sides. In jibing, the stern moves through the wind, again causing the sails to switch sides.
• Speed of the maneuver: Tacking generally involves a slow and steady change of direction and the sails move across the boat relatively slowly. In contrast, jibing is a faster maneuver where the sail moves across the boat quickly, and if not controlled properly, can be quite dangerous.

When to Use Each Technique

The sailing conditions, including the direction and strength of the wind and your desired course, determine whether tacking or jibing is the appropriate maneuver:

• Tacking: T his is the maneuver to use when you want to sail towards the wind (upwind). Tacking is typically the safer and more controlled of the two maneuvers and can be used in a wide range of wind conditions. However, in very light wind conditions, maintaining enough speed to complete the tack can be challenging.
• Jibing: Use this maneuver when you’re sailing with the wind (downwind). It’s important to note that jibing should be performed with caution, particularly in strong wind conditions, as the boom and sail can swing across the boat with significant force. In heavy winds, it may be safer to perform a series of ‘chicken jibes’ (essentially, tacking instead of jibing to change direction when downwind) to keep the boat under control.

By understanding the differences between tacking and jibing and knowing when to use each technique, you can sail more effectively and safely, no matter the wind conditions. Up next, we’ll discuss why regular practice of these maneuvers is crucial and suggest some drills to help you improve your tacking and jibing skills.

Practice Makes Perfect

While understanding the theory behind tacking and jibing is essential, sailing is a hands-on activity, and there’s no substitute for getting out on the water and practicing these maneuvers yourself. Regular practice allows you to build muscle memory, refine your technique, and learn how to respond to different wind and water conditions.

The Importance of Regular Practice

Practice is the cornerstone of mastering any skill, and sailing is no different. Each sailboat has its quirks and unique handling characteristics, and every change in wind and wave conditions presents a new set of challenges. By practicing regularly, you get to know your boat and how it responds under different conditions. Regular tacking and jibing drills will make these maneuvers become second nature, allowing you to perform them safely and efficiently even under pressure.

Drills to Help Improve Tacking and Jibing Skills

• Figure-Eight Drill: This drill involves sailing in a figure-eight pattern, alternating between tacking and jibing at each turn. This exercise will help you practice transitioning smoothly between different points of sail.
• Windward/Leeward Drill : Set up two markers (buoys, if available) in a downwind/upwind configuration. Practice sailing upwind through a series of tacks and then downwind with a series of jibes.
• Man Overboard Drill : Although this is primarily a safety drill, it also provides good tacking and jibing practice. Simulate a man-overboard situation and practice maneuvering your boat to ‘rescue’ the overboard crew member.

Safety Considerations During Practice

Safety should always be your top priority when practicing these maneuvers. Here are some considerations to keep in mind:

• Monitor Weather Conditions : Check the weather forecast before you go out and keep an eye on the sky. Don’t practice tacking and jibing for the first time in strong wind or rough water conditions.
• Wear Appropriate Safety Gear : Ensure everyone on board is wearing a life jacket. Depending on conditions, you might also need harnesses and tethers, particularly for crew members moving about the boat during tacks and jibes.
• Be Aware of Your Surroundings : Always keep a lookout for other boats, obstacles, or shallow water. Remember that other vessels may not anticipate your maneuvers, so always give way as required.
• Control the Boom : The boom can move swiftly and forcefully during tacks and particularly jibes. Keep clear of its path and control its movement with the mainsheet.

Remember, the key to mastering the art of tacking and jibing is patience and consistent practice. Happy sailing!

Mastering the techniques of tacking and jibing is a crucial part of becoming a proficient sailor. These maneuvers allow you to harness the power of the wind, no matter its direction, and to navigate your sailboat safely and effectively in a variety of conditions. Tacking enables you to zigzag your way upwind, while jibing allows you to change direction efficiently when sailing downwind.

Understanding the theory behind these techniques is only the beginning. Each tack or jibe on the water brings new insights and challenges. From different wind strengths and directions to unique boat characteristics, each situation provides a valuable learning experience.

The importance of regular practice cannot be overstated. Through a combination of drills and real-world experience, you’ll find your skills and confidence growing. It is through these repetitive actions that the maneuvers of tacking and jibing will become second nature, allowing you to focus on other aspects of sailing.

Safety is paramount when performing these maneuvers. Always be aware of your surroundings, control the movement of your sails, and ensure all crew members are prepared and equipped with appropriate safety gear.

In the end, continuous learning and practice are at the heart of sailing. Even the most experienced sailors will tell you that they learn something new every time they go out on the water. So embrace the journey and remember – the art of tacking and jibing is not just about changing your course; it’s about mastering the wind and waves, understanding your boat, and developing as a sailor. 

Additional Resources

To further enhance your knowledge and skills in tacking and jibing, here are some resources that you may find helpful. These include books, videos, courses, and websites dedicated to sailing techniques, as well as sources for diagrams that can help illustrate these maneuvers.

• “The Annapolis Book of Seamanship: Fourth Edition” by John Rousmaniere. This book is a comprehensive guide to sailing that covers a wide range of topics, including detailed sections on tacking and jibing.
• “Sail and Rig Tuning” by Ivar Dedekam. This book presents a clear understanding of how to tune your rig and sails to increase your boat’s performance.
• Tacking and Gybing – RYA. A short and concise video that provides visual demonstrations of both tacking and jibing.
• Sailing – How to Tack and Gybe – BoatUS. These videos offer step-by-step instructions and tips for executing these maneuvers.
• RYA Sailing Courses : The Royal Yachting Association offers a range of sailing courses, from beginner to advanced levels.
• U.S. Sailing Courses : U.S. Sailing provides comprehensive educational programs that teach the science, art, and fun of sailing.
• SailNet Community : A forum where you can ask questions and share experiences with other sailors.
• Sailing World : Provides a wealth of articles and resources on all aspects of sailing, including technique guides and expert advice.

What are tacking and jibing?

Tacking and jibing are sailing maneuvers used to change the boat's direction relative to the wind. Tacking involves turning the bow (front) of the boat through the wind, changing from one tack (or side) to the other. Jibing is similar but involves turning the stern (back) of the boat through the wind.

Why is mastering tacking and jibing essential?

Mastering tacking and jibing is crucial because these maneuvers allow you to sail effectively and safely in any direction, regardless of where the wind is coming from. They are fundamental skills for any sailor and will enhance your overall sailing experience.

What is meant by sailing upwind and downwind?

Sailing upwind, or beating, means you're sailing against the direction the wind is coming from. Sailing downwind, or running, means you're sailing in the same direction as the wind. Tacking is generally used when sailing upwind, while jibing is used when sailing downwind.

What are the steps involved in executing a tack?

The key steps involved in tacking are the preparation (alerting the crew, positioning the boat), the execution (turning the boat into the wind, switching the sails), and completion (settling onto the new tack). Each step requires specific actions from the crew.

What are some common mistakes in tacking and how can they be avoided?

Common mistakes during tacking include not steering a steady course, turning the boat too quickly or too slowly, and not coordinating the sail trim with the turn. These can be avoided by good communication, practicing the maneuver, and understanding how your specific boat responds to helm and sail adjustments.

How is jibing different from tacking?

Generally, you should tack when you're sailing upwind and want to change direction, and jibe when you're sailing downwind and want to change direction. The conditions, such as wind strength and direction, and the boat's course will also influence this decision.

What are some drills to improve my tacking and jibing skills?

Drills such as the figure-eight drill or the windward/leeward drill can be very effective. These involve repeated tacking and jibing maneuvers, helping you refine your technique and build muscle memory.

What safety considerations should I bear in mind while practicing?

Always check the weather conditions before heading out, wear appropriate safety gear, stay aware of your surroundings, and control the boom carefully during these maneuvers, particularly when jibing. Safety should always be your top priority when out on the water.

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Gybing a sailing boat

by Simon Jollands | Crewing skills

Gybing is the sailing manoeuvre used to change a boat’s direction through a following wind. As with the tacking manoeuvre, gybing a sailing boat calls for the crew to work together as a team and   is one of the first sailing skills to learn.

When a boat is sailing downwind, with the wind blowing from behind the yacht, it may need to alter course so that the stern goes through the wind. This requires a sailing manoeuvre called a gybe, where the sails move from one side of the boat to the other.

The aim is to turn the stern smoothly through the wind onto the new course in as controlled a manner as possible. This means the boom of the mainsail has to be controlled carefully through the turn and the boat must not be allowed to swing round and turn sideways to the wind, causing it to heel over.

As when tacking, the gybe manoeuvre calls for a well co-ordinated crew and clear instructions from the skipper and helm.

Gybe manoeuvre

The gybe manoeuvre can involve two or three crew members and goes as follows:

• The skipper or helm decides it is time to gybe and alerts the crew.
• Helm calls “Ready to gybe!”
• The mainsheet is pulled in to bring the boom to the centre line.
• If there is a mainsheet traveller, this is cleated to hold the boom in place.
• One or two crew members are put in control of each jib sheet winch, depending on the size of the boat and number of crew available.
• A crew member then puts two turns of the slack or “lazy” jib sheet around the winch (A) on its side of the cockpit and pulls in the slack. Another crew member un-cleats the “working” jib sheet, keeping it tight on the winch (B).
• The helm turns the boat slowly to allow the wind direction to pass from one side of the stern to the other. Once the turn is complete the helm calls “Gybe-oh!”
• As the boat turns, the headsail blows from one side of the bow to the other. The crew on the working sheet eases and releases the sheet from winch (B).
• The crew on winch (A) then pulls in the new working sheet. The winch handle is inserted into the top of the winch, the crew winches in the sheet and the sail is trimmed for the new course.
• The helm steers the boat onto its new course and the mainsail is let out on the new side.
• Both sails are then trimmed for the new course.
• It is very important to sheet in the mainsail to the centreline before gybing, to prevent the boom swinging across in a dangerous, uncontrolled manner.
• All crew should keep their heads well down away from the boom during a gybe in case it swings across unexpectedly.

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