Grundig Yacht Boy 80 WR 5408 PLL

Grundig Yacht Boy 80 WR 5408 PLL manual

Grundig Yacht Boy 80 WR 5408 PLL

Grundig Yacht Boy 80 WR 5408 PLL

View the manual for the Grundig Yacht Boy 80 WR 5408 PLL here, for free. This manual comes under the category radios and has been rated by 8 people with an average of a 8.8. This manual is available in the following languages: English. Do you have a question about the Grundig Yacht Boy 80 WR 5408 PLL or do you need help?  Ask your question here

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Question and answer

An excellent radio with good reception especialy l when you are outside room or in an open space.However,reception is not too good when im inside my room even with help of extention antenna that came with the radion.Pls what can i do to improve the reception from my room especially while listening to Sw band? Many thanks.

Hi, My sister lives in THÜNGERSHEIM , GERMANY... and she recently bought a Grundig Yacht Boy 80 WR 5408 PLL. But she cannot get stations like Voice of America or the BBC. On what bandwidth should she tune her set to ? Thanks Casimir Gregory Australia

how to change system battery in Grunding Yacht Boy 80? I oppend it but I can't find system battery.

me ha salido una llave en la pantalla y no se como quitarla

Cannot find in internet electrical scheme(chart) of R.Receiver Grundig WR5408PLL.

Hello how long is the aerial?

donde se frabrica el grundig 5408

como se pone en hora el reloj

grunding WR 5408 PLL manual instrucciones español.

Necessito do manual deste receptor, como posso adquirir?

Grundig Yacht Boy 80 WR 5408 PLL #1

Grundig Yacht Boy 80 WR 5408 PLL specifications

Below you will find the product specifications and the manual specifications of the Grundig Yacht Boy 80 WR 5408 PLL.

The Grundig Yacht Boy 80 WR 5408 PLL is a radio that offers mono audio system. With a RMS rated power of 0.4W, it provides decent sound quality. It features an external SW antenna, allowing for better reception of shortwave frequencies. There is a single built-in speaker, which delivers the audio output. The radio has an LCD display type, providing clear and easy-to-read information. Additionally, it includes an integrated clock function, allowing users to keep track of time while listening to their favorite stations. In terms of connectivity, the Grundig Yacht Boy 80 WR 5408 PLL offers wireless technology. It also comes with a headphone output, enabling users to enjoy their radio experience privately. The headphone connectivity is 3.5mm, making it compatible with various headphone models. However, this radio does not include a cassette deck, limiting its ability to play cassette tapes. To power the radio, it requires four batteries with a voltage rating of 6V. This ensures a longer usage time before needing to replace or recharge the batteries. The external design and dimensions of the Grundig Yacht Boy 80 WR 5408 PLL are not provided. In conclusion, the Grundig Yacht Boy 80 WR 5408 PLL is a radio that offers mono audio output and 0.4W RMS rated power. It features an external SW antenna for better reception and has a single built-in speaker. With an LCD display and integrated clock, users can easily navigate and keep track of time. It provides wireless connectivity and includes a 3.5mm headphone output. However, it does not have a cassette deck. The radio requires four 6V batteries for operation.

grundig yacht boy 80

Brand
ModelYacht Boy 80 WR 5408 PLL | GRO0490
Product
EAN4013833619109
LanguageEnglish
FiletypeUser manual (PDF)

Other features

Mono
Antenna SW
Connectivity technology Wireless
Cassette deck No
Dimensions (WxDxH) 184 x 40 x 120 mm
0.4 W
External
Product color Silver

Loudspeakers

1
Built-in speaker(s) Yes
LCD
Yes

Ports & interfaces

1
Headphone connectivity 3.5 mm
4
Battery voltage 6 V
Battery low indication Yes

Weight & dimensions

510 g

Frequently Asked Questions

Can't find the answer to your question in the manual? You may find the answer to your question in the FAQs about the Grundig Yacht Boy 80 WR 5408 PLL below.

What is the weight of the Grundig Yacht Boy 80 WR 5408 PLL?

The Grundig Yacht Boy 80 WR 5408 PLL has a weight of 510 g.

What is the difference between FM and AM?

FM stands for Frequency Modulation and AM stands for Amplitude Modulation. The biggest difference between FM radio stations compared to AM radio stations is the sound quality.

When is my volume too loud?

A volume above 80 decibels can be harmful to hearing. When the volume exceeds 120 decibels, direct damage can even occur. The chance of hearing damage depends on the listening frequency and duration.

How can I best clean my radio?

A slightly damp cleaning cloth or soft, dust-free cloth works best to remove fingerprints. Dust in hard-to-reach places is best removed with compressed air.

What is bluetooth?

Bluetooth is a way of exchanging data wirelessly between electronic devices via radio waves. The distance between the two devices that exchange data can in most cases be no more than ten metres.

How do I tune in to a specific radio station on my Grundig Yacht Boy 80 WR 5408 PLL?

Ensure that you are in the radio mode by selecting the appropriate setting. Then, use the tuning dial or buttons to adjust the frequency until you reach the desired station.

How can I improve the audio quality on my Grundig Yacht Boy 80 WR 5408 PLL?

Check if the antenna is fully extended and positioned properly for optimum reception. Additionally, adjust the volume control to find the desired audio level.

What should I do if the radio is not receiving any stations?

Make sure the radio is properly powered by checking the battery or power source. Verify that the radio's antenna is correctly extended and try repositioning it. Additionally, ensure that you are in an area with sufficient radio signal strength.

How do I set the alarm function on my Grundig Yacht Boy 80 WR 5408 PLL?

Look for the alarm function in the settings menu or on the control panel. Once located, select the desired alarm time and set the alarm sound or radio station. Remember to activate the alarm before going to sleep or at the desired time.

How can I prolong the battery life of my Grundig Yacht Boy 80 WR 5408 PLL?

Make sure to turn off the radio when not in use, as this conserves battery power. If available, utilize the power-saving mode or adjust the backlight settings to reduce power consumption. Consider using high-quality batteries or rechargeable batteries for longer-lasting performance.

Does the Grundig Yacht Boy 80 WR 5408 PLL have a built-in speaker?

Yes, it has a built-in speaker. This means that the user can listen to audio without having to connect external speakers.

What type of display does the Grundig Yacht Boy 80 WR 5408 PLL have?

It has an LCD display. This means that the user can easily see the information displayed on the radio.

Can the Grundig Yacht Boy 80 WR 5408 PLL be connected wirelessly?

No, it cannot be connected wirelessly. This means that the user will need to connect it to other devices using physical cables.

Does the Grundig Yacht Boy 80 WR 5408 PLL have a cassette deck?

No, it does not have a cassette deck. This means that the user will not be able to play cassette tapes on this radio.

Does the Grundig Yacht Boy 80 WR 5408 PLL have a battery low indication?

Yes, it has a battery low indication. This means that the user will be alerted when the batteries are running low and need to be replaced or recharged.

Is the manual of the Grundig Yacht Boy 80 WR 5408 PLL available in English?

Yes, the manual of the Grundig Yacht Boy 80 WR 5408 PLL is available in English .

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Grundig Yacht Boy 80 Chrome Radios (YACHT80)

Grundig Yacht Boy 80 Chrome

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Grundig Yacht Boy 80, FM, LW, SW, 0,40 W, LCD, Chrome, 1,5 V, 510 g

Grundig Yacht Boy 80. Supported radio bands: FM, LW, SW. RMS rated power: 0,40 W. Display type: LCD. Product color: Chrome. Battery voltage: 1,5 V

US Access to this product is restricted. Please contact your account manager at Icecat.

 

 

 

 

















HF/VHF receiver
LW / MW / 51.7-29.9 / 87-108 MHz
? KHz
? ppm
AM / SSB / WFM Stereo
? regular
6 VDC (Batteries) or 6 VDC external
? mA
- / Telescopic whip
- / Ferrite bar
184*120*40 mm (7.24*4.72*1.58")
510 g (18 oz)





1st IF: ? MHz
2nd IF: ? KHz
? mW at ?% distortion / ? ohm




200x-200x (Discontinued)
- -

Grundig WR 5408 PLL User Manual

  • Grundig Manuals
  • WR 5408 PLL
  • User manual

Grundig WR 5408 PLL User Manual

  • page of 21 Go / 21

Table of Contents

  • Safety Information
  • Environmental Note
  • Scope of Delivery
  • The Display
  • Power Supply
  • Battery Operation
  • Mains Adapter
  • Setting the Clock
  • Setting Local Time
  • Setting and Storing Radio Stations
  • Automatic Station Search
  • Deleting Preset Stations
  • Setting the Alarm Time
  • Switching on and off
  • Radio Operation
  • Selecting the Frequency Band
  • Adjusting the Volume
  • Adjusting the Tone
  • Additional Functions
  • Disabling and Enabling the Buttons
  • Technical Data

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Quick Links

  • 1 The Display
  • 2 Power Supply
  • 3 Setting the Clock
  • 4 Setting and Storing Radio Stations
  • 5 Setting the Alarm Time
  • 6 Technical Data
  • Download this manual

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Summary of Contents for Grundig WR 5408 PLL

  • Page 1 WORLD RECEIVER Yacht Boy 80 WR 5408 PLL...
  • Page 2 ___________________________________________________________________ Sicherheit, Informationen Betrieb DEUTSCH Auf einen Blick Informationen Stromversorgung Service Einstellungen Safety, Information Operation ENGLISH Overview Information Power supply Service Settings Sécurité, informations Utilisation FRANÇAIS Vue d’ensemble Informations Alimentation électrique Service Réglages Sicurezza, informazioni Funzionamento ITALIANO In breve Informazioni Alimentazione elettrica Service Impostazioni...

Page 3: Safety Information

  • Page 4 OVERVIEW ___________________________________________ Controls LIGHT TUNE / SSB cht Boy 80 MODE ON/OFF LIGHT TUNE / SSB acht Boy 80 MODE ON/OFF SLEEP SW PAGE DISPLAY SLEEP SW PAGE DISPLAY CLOCK 1/2 MEMO CLOCK 1/2 MEMO AM/PM ALARM SW SELECT AM/PM ALARM SW SELECT BAND...
  • Page 5 OVERVIEW ____________________________________ LIGHT TUNE / SSB cht Boy 80 MODE ON/OFF SLEEP SW PAGE DISPLAY CLOCK 1/2 MEMO AM/PM ALARM SW SELECT BAND LOCK TUNING FINE FREQ. / CLOCK M. DEL M. SCAN 1 ... 9 Numerical buttons for various entries. Select stored radio stations.
  • Page 6 OVERVIEW ____________________________________ CLOCK 1/2 MEMO ANTENNA AM/PM ALARM SW SELECT BAND LOCK TUNING FINE M. DEL M. SCAN FREQ. / CLOCK LIGHT TUNE / SSB acht Boy 80 MODE ON/OFF SLEEP SW PAGE DISPLAY CLOCK 1/2 MEMO AM/PM ALARM SW SELECT RESET BAND LOCK...

Page 7: The Display

Page 8: power supply, page 9: setting the clock, page 10: setting and storing radio stations, page 11: automatic station search, page 12: deleting preset stations, page 13: switching on and off, page 14: adjusting the volume.

  • Page 15 OPERATION _______________________________________________ If you want to listen to a particular SW station, you need to know the precise frequency and wavelength. Many short wave stations will send you broad- casting schedules which give you the information you need. You can also download the information from the Internet.
  • Page 16 OPERATION _______________________________________________ Alarm mode Displaying the alarm time Press »ALARM « or »ALARM «. – Display: briefly, the alarm time most recently set, » « or » « flash. Alarm with signal tone With the device switched off, press »ALARM «...

Page 17: Additional Functions

Page 18: disabling and enabling the buttons.

  • Page 19 OPERATION _______________________________________________ Disabling and enabling the fine tuning dial In order to prevent the frequency being changed accidentally, you can disa- ble the »TUNING FINE« dial. To disable the dial, move »TUNING LOCK« to the » • « position. To enable the dial, move »TUNING LOCK«...

Page 20: Technical Data

This manual is also suitable for:, rename the bookmark, delete bookmark, delete from my manuals, upload manual.

grundig yacht boy 80

Grundig Yacht Boy 80 Digital Silver - radios (Digital, FM, LW, SW,... › Customer reviews

Customer reviews.

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Grundig Yacht Boy 80 Digital Silver - radios (Digital, FM, LW, SW, 0.40 W, LCD, 510 g, 1.5V)

Grundig Yacht Boy 80 Digital Silver - radios (Digital, FM, LW, SW, 0.40 W, LCD, 510 g, 1.5V)

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Grundig Yacht Boy 80 radio

  • Thread starter Poignard
  • Start date 1 Jun 2007

Poignard

Well-known member

I ordered one of these from Amazon in February, price £49.99. Latest delivery promise [of several] was 17 June, so last Friday I cancelled the order and found this supplier; price £39.99 and it was delivered free this morning. Seems like a good buy.  

Active member

Is it possible to get weather faxes on this model? If so, what other kit is needed to eg get display on laptop?  

bobgosling

Take a look at this web site for cheap software : web page Also JVComm32 here  

I don't have the know-how to advise you about that sort of thing; I only bought it to use as a broadcast receiver and alarm clock. ps If you tell me what to look for in the instruction manual I may be able to give you an answer.  

I am only on the bottom rungs of technical info & understanding myself on this! SFAIA, some at least of the SSB radios can pick up the Weather fax signals and with the appropriate software in and connection to a computer, can display this info. Some I believe use a connection to or via the computer sound card, tho I guess these days there may equally be some kind of USB cable connection? (Guessing!) I believe some of the radios with this capability are in the Yachtboy range, which is why I asked the question. I sail with a laptop with chartplotter software, so if I can get a good radio and the weather fax capability for an additional £39.99, that looks like a good bonus set up to me. Perhaps BobGosling or others can give some more explanation/clarification? /forums/images/graemlins/smile.gif Rob Just had a look at BobGosling's software sites and it looks as if you can get Navtex as well with the right software, which if you don't need a dedicated Navtex receiver. the NASA version of which is around the £200 mark, makes the potential benefits look even better. I would certainly like to know if its a workable solution.  

It is classed as capable of ssb reception and has a control for tuning the bfo. If you let me know the frequencies you would need I will see if it covers them. I must say it seems a real bargain for £40 [incl delivery].  

The Weatherfax frequencies for RN Northwood are 2618.6 khz, then 4610,8040,11086 & 18261. For Navtex, the frequencies are of course 490 & 518 Khz and 4209.5 This is useful site I found in my searches: http://www.yachtcom.co.uk/comms/index.html  

[ QUOTE ] It is classed as capable of ssb reception and has a control for tuning the bfo. If you let me know the frequencies you would need I will see if it covers them. I must say it seems a real bargain for £40 [incl delivery]. [/ QUOTE ] Yes, but a lot of these types of radios say that, but what you really need is the facility to tune in 100Hz steps or less. Often the tuning controls are just too 'coarse' for this on the cheaper sets. Hopefully the Grundig is an exception. For example, my Sangean ATS 818 ACS (also cloned as Roberts etc) provides stunning wefaxes and RTTY even when I'm sat the lounge with an 8 foot bit of wire draped over the pelmet for an aerial. But then it has very fine tuning and cost around £170.00 IIRC.  

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  • Yacht Boy 80 (WR5408 PLL)

Grundig Yacht Boy 80 (WR5408 PLL)

Handheld HF/VHF Receiver

Front view - Submitted by elmer

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grundig yacht boy 80

General characteristics

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Yacht-Boy 400 1980

  • Grundig (Radio-Vertrieb, RVF, Radiowerke)
  • Manufacturer / Brand
  • Broadcast Receiver - or past WW2 Tuner
  • Radiomuseum.org ID
  • alternative name: Grundig Portugal || Grundig USA / Lextronix

Yacht-Boy 400; Grundig Radio- (ID = 187002) Radio

Click on the schematic thumbnail to request the schematic as a free document.

 Technical Specifications

  • Number of Transistors
  • Semiconductors present.
  • Semiconductors
  • Main principle
  • Superheterodyne (common)
  • Broadcast, Long Wave, more than 2 x SW plus FM or UHF.
  • Power type and voltage
  • Dry Batteries / 5 x 1,5 Volt
  • Loudspeaker
  • Permanent Magnet Dynamic (PDyn) Loudspeaker (moving coil) / Ø 8 cm = 3.1 inch
  • 1 W (unknown quality)
  • Plastics (no bakelite or catalin)
  • from Radiomuseum.org
  • Model: Yacht-Boy 400 [1980] - Grundig Radio-Vertrieb, RVF,
  • Very small Portable or Pocket-Set (Handheld) < 8 inch.
  • Dimensions (WHD)
  • 223 x 134 x 42 mm / 8.8 x 5.3 x 1.7 inch
  • Digital-Schaltuhr mit Weckfunktion. Nur analoge Frequenzanzeige, KW-Bereiche 49/41/31/25/19/16 m. Nicht verwechseln mit dem Yacht-Boy 400 von 1994 (ID=79327).
  • Net weight (2.2 lb = 1 kg)
  • 0.7 kg / 1 lb 8.7 oz (1.542 lb)
  • Source of data
  • -- Original prospect or advert
  • Literature/Schematics (1)
  • -- Original-techn. papers.
  • Model page created by Martin Bösch . See "Data change" for further contributors.
  • Other Models

Here you find 6201 models, 5426 with images and 4200 with schematics for wireless sets etc. In French: TSF for Télégraphie sans fil. All listed radios etc. from Grundig (Radio-Vertrieb, RVF, Radiowerke)

 Collections | Museums | Literature

Collections

The model Yacht-Boy is part of the collections of the following members.

  • Peter Böhm (D)
  • Martin Bösch (CH)
  • Karl-Heinz Entrich † 7.21 (D)
  • Biagio Laureti (I)
  • Willi Lich † 20.10.22 (D)
  • Manfred Rathgeb (D)
  • Sándor Selyem-Tóth (H)
  • Alois Steiner (A)
  • Holger Struthoff (D)

 Forum

Forum contributions about this model: Grundig Radio-: Yacht-Boy 400

Threads: 1 | Posts: 3

grundig: Uhren-Modul Yacht boy 400 (1980) lässt sich nicht setzen

Hallo Liebe Sammlerfreunde, 

weiß jemand Abhilfe wenn sich das Uhren-Modul Yacht boy 400 nicht mehr  setzen lässt . Nach Batteriewechsel, steht die Uhrzeit auf undefinierte Zeit 87,58  und lässt sich über die set Taste nicht stellen.Mache ich dabei etwas falsch oder ist das Modul defekt?

lieben Dank im Voraus

Horst                          Meier

Horst Meier, 01.Aug.19

Weitere Posts (3) zu diesem Thema.

cincociudades

Novgorod “la grande”, cuna de rusia.

Posted on junio 19, 2015 by oscarnunezcrespo

El Kremlin (ciudadela) de Novgorod

El Kremlin (ciudadela) de Novgorod

  • PRESENTACIÓN

Novgorod, “Ciudad Nueva” (llamada también Veliki Novgorod “Gran Ciudad Nueva”, para diferenciarla de la otra población con un nombre similar, Nizhni Novgorod, que se halla al este de Moscú) es una histórica ciudad rusa, capital del oblast (distrito, región) del mismo nombre, y situada, de Norte a Sur, entre San Petersburgo por un lado y Tver y Moscú por otro, y de Oeste a Este, entre el oblast de Pskov y los países bálticos, de un lado, y el oblast de Vologda y los territorios del Mar Blanco.

  • FUENTES DE AGUA DULCE

Por Veliky Novgorod pasa el río Volkhov, justo al poco nacer del cercano lago Ilmen.

  • HISTORIA REMOTA

Aunque las crónicas mencionan Novgorod como fundada hacia 862, el resultado de las excavaciones retrasan esta fecha en un siglo, tal vez debido a una interpolación posterior en los textos para dar más solera a la ciudad. Lo que sí existió en la zona fue una fortaleza varenga (vikinga), el Gorodishche , donde el líder varengo Rurik estableció su base de operaciones. La Ciudad propiamente dicha nace en el siglo X.

Novgorod se convirtió en el centro neurálgico de un nuevo grupo étnico, nacido de la asimilación por eslavos (la Urheimat eslava debió estar aproximadamente en Galitzia y Volinia) de pueblos de lengua báltica y de lengua finesa, a los que los escandinavos dieron nombre (Rus, por Rurik) y se convirtieron en su aristocracia.

  • ALTA EDAD MEDIA

Catedral de Santa Sofía de Novgorod

Catedral de Santa Sofía de Novgorod

En 882, el sucesor de Rurik, Oleg de Novgorod, conquistó Kiev y fundó el estado de la Rusia de Kiev. En torno a la vieja forzaleza, nace el Novgorov urbano y se convierte pronto, por su influencia cultural, política y económica en la segunda ciudad más importante de la Rus de Kiev. De  acuerdo con la costumbre, el hijo mayor del rey de Kiev, el príncipe heredero, era enviado a Novgorod a “entrenarse” gobernando el Principado. Cuando el rey no tenía tal hijo, Novgorod era gobernado por posadniks (alcaldes), como los legendarios Gostomysl, Dobrynya, Konstantin, y Ostromir.

De todos los príncipes, destaca la memoria de Yaroslav el Sabio, quien fue Príncipe de Novgorod de 1010 a 1019, mientras su padre, Vladimir el Grande, era Príncipe de Kiev. Yaroslav promulgó el primer código escrito de leyes entre los eslavos orientales (la  Russkaya Pravda ) y otorgó a la ciudad una serie de fueros (privilegios, libertades). Su hijo, Vladimir, promovió la construcción de la gran Catedral de Santa Sofía que aún se mantiene hasta hoy.

grundig yacht boy 80

De cara al exterior, Novgorod tuvo importantes relaciones con Noruega (nada menos que 4 reyes noruegos se exiliaron allí huyendo de revueltas en su país). Tras la muerte en 1030 y canonización de uno de ellos , San Olaf de Noruega (quien además era cuñado del ya mencionado príncipe Yaroslav I el Sabio), se erigió en Novgorod la Iglesia de San Olaf, que existió hasta el siglo XIV.

También hubo fluidas relaciones con comerciantes del Norte de Alemania.

  • LA REPÚBLICA DE NOVGOROD

En 1136, el príncipe Vsevolod Mstislavich fue destituido por los ciudadanos, hecho que se considera el nacimiento de la república de Novgorod. Al mismo tiempo, los lazos con Kiev se sueltan cada vez más durante el siglo XII. La Ciudad nombró y destituyó a muchos príncipes en los dos siglos siguientes, pues la monarquía no llegó a ser oficialmente abolida (pero tenían poca importancia política). La Ciudad-estado controló buena parte del Noreste de Europa, desde Pskov hasta los montes Urales, siendo uno de los estados más extensos de la Europa de su tiempo, aunque  su densidad de población hacia el Este y el Norte fue escasa.

Una de las figuras más importantes en Novgorod fue el posadnik , o alcalde, un alto cargo elegido por la Asamblea Pública (llamada el Veche ) de entre los miembros locales de los boyardos (la aristocracia). El tysyatsky , o «hombre de los mil», originalmente el jefe de la milicia ciudadana (quien más tarde adquirió funciones judiciales y comerciales), fue también elegido por el Veche. Otro importante alto cargo local fue el Arzobispo de Novgorod, quien compartía poder con los boyardos. Los Arzobispos, a su vez, eran también elegidos por el Veche, aunque a veces lo eran por sorteo, y justo después de su elección el metropolitano los consagraba.

Es poco más lo que se sabe sobre la estructura de gobierno. Los boyardos y el arzobispo gobernaron juntos la Ciudad, pero se ignoran los límites de las competencias de cada uno. El príncipe, aunque su poder fue reducido, era representado por su namestnik , o lugarteniente, y todavía representava importantes funciones como jefe de estado, comandante militar, legislador y jurista.

En el siglo XIII, Novgorod tuvo un importante comercio con la Liga Hanseática, aún sin pertenecer a ella.

Culturalmente, Novgorod prosperó durante el medievo, el hallazgo arqueológico de grandes cantidades de textos escritos por plebeyos (escribiendo en ruso medieval y no en el Eslavo Eclesiástico -lengua arcaizante equivalente al latín dentro de la iglesia ortodoxa rusa-) sobre cortezas de abedul demuestran el alto grado de alfabetización entre los ciudadanos. Asimismo, el Códice de Novgorod , el libro eslavo más antiguo escrito fuera de los Balcanes , y la inscripción más antigua en una lengua finesa fueron desenterrados en Novgorod.

  • NOVGOROV SE SALVA DE LA INVASIÓN MONGOL Y RECHAZA ATAQUES OCCIDENTALES

Novgorod se libró de la conquista por los mongoles durante su invasión de Rus. El ejército mongol dio la vuelta a 200 kilómetros de la ciudad, no por su fuerza militar, sinó por temor a quedarse empantanados en las marismas cercanas. Aún así, quedo sometida al tributo que, en nombre del khan mongol, recaudaba el príncipe moscovita Alexander Nevski (actuando como poder colaboracionista local). Un episodio, en el que Nevski arranca la nariz a varios funcionarios de Novgorod que se resistían a pagar tributo al invasor,  generó una fuerte enemistad entre Novgorod (como símbolo de una Rusia 100% europea de ciudadanos libres ) y Moscú (un poder despótico semi-asiático de siervos). Con la decadencia del poder mongol, los moscovitas se van independizando y enfrentándose a sus antiguos amos (batalla de Kulikovo en 1380), pero ésto no cambia lo anterior: Moscú , con ínfulas de ser la tercera Roma y la sucesora de Constantinopla, es en realidad un nuevo khanato y empieza su afán expansionista hacia el Este, pero también contra el Oeste.

Mientras, Novgorod rechaza con éxito los insolidarios  y oportunistas ataques de cruzados suecos, daneses y alemanes, con la excusa de ser cismáticos, de haber roto con Roma, pero son rechazados (los suecos en 1260 y la Orden Teutónica en 1262).

  • MOSCOVIA CONQUISTA NOVGOROD A SANGRE Y FUEGO

En los siglos XIV y XV, Novgorod lucha por su supervivencia frente a una Moscovia expansionista que resulta imparable, y su dependencia alimentaria de Moscú empeora las cosas. Tras la decisiva derrota novgorodiana en la Batalla de Shelón (1471), Ivan III anexionó a la fuerza la Ciudad al Gran Ducado de Moscú en 1478. La Veche fue disuelta y una buena parte de la población de la Ciudad fue masacrada o deportada.

Tras la anexión, Novgorod se convirtió en la tercera mayor ciudad de Moscovia  (30.000 habitantes hacia 1550) hasta la hambruna de1560 y la Masacre de 1570, en la que Ivan el Terrible saqueó la ciudad, asesinó a miles de sus habitantes y deportó a su nobleza a Moscú, Yaroslavl y otros lugares. Boris Godunov, el usurpador previo al ascenso de los Romanov, permitió su recuperación.

  • HISTORIA POSTERIOR

Durante el Período Tumultuoso (a comienzos del siglo XVII) Novgorod fue ocupada por los suecos en 1611, y devuelta a Moscovia seis años después por el Tratado de Stolbovo. Se empezó a recuperar hacia finales de ese siglo, cuando se construyen la Catedral de la Señal y el monasterio de Vyazhischi.

En 1727, Novgorod se convirtió en el centro administrativo del Gobernorato de  Novgorod del Imperio Ruso. Entre 1927 y 1944, la ciudad formó parte del Oblast de Leningrado, para después ser la capital de su propio Oblast, creado después de esa fecha.

En 1862, Novgorod sale momentáneamente de su tranquilidad provinciana al inaugurar el Zar Alejandro II Romanov el monumento al “Milenario de Rusia”.

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Cuadro representando la inaguración

El 15 de Agosto de 1941, durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, la ciudad fue ocupada por la Wehrmacht, hasta que fue recuperada por el Ejército Rojo el 19 de Enero de 1944. Con frecuencia, los voluntarios españoles de la División Azul, destinados en el sector de Leningrado, visitaban Novgorod durante sus permisos. Durante la guerra, la mayoría de sus monumentos históricos fueron destruidos, pero fueron restaurados aquellos situados en la zona central en la posguerra.

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En 1992, los principales monumentos de la Ciudad y sus alrededores fueron declarados Patrimonio de la Humanidad por la Unesco.

  • NOMBRE OFICIAL DE LA CIUDAD

Hasta el año 1478 (fecha de la brutal conquista moscovita) la ciudad era llamada Gospodín Veliki Nóvgorod, ‘ Señor Nóvgorod el Grande’ ). Luego, hasta 1999 su nombre oficial era Nóvgorod . En esa fecha, adquirió su nombre actual, que es una reposición parcial del original.

  • POBLACIÓN Y GOBIERNO MUNICIPAL

Según el censo de 2010, la ciudad tenía unos  218,717 habitantes en su área municipal de 90 km2 . Su actual alcalde (aunque  en el momento de escribir ésto, está a punto de ser forzado a dimitir) aún es Yuri Bobryshev .

  • TRANSPORTE PÚBLICO INTERURBANO
  • La autopista federal M10 lleva a Moscú y San Petersburgo
  • Conexiones ferroviarias con Moscú, San Petersburgo, Minsk (Belarus) y Murmansk
  • Línea de autobuses a San Petersburgo y otras ciudades
  • El aeropuerto de Yurievo, que servía a Novgorod, fue cerrado al trafico aéreo en los años 90. Se ha convertido el antiguo aeropuerto militar de Kretschewizy en el nuevo aeropuerto civil de la ciudad (inagurado en 2010). El de Pulkovo en San Petersburgo es el aeropuerto internacional más cercano.
  • TRANSPORTE LOCAL

Consiste en una serie de líneas de autobús y en 5 líneas de trolebús. La frecuencia de paso es de un autobús o trolebús cada 5 minutos aproximadamente.

  • ECONOMÍA DE SU REGIÓN (OBLAST )

El producto regional bruto de la región de Novgorod es 87.600.000.000 rublos, que es aproximadamente el 0,3 por ciento de producto Interior bruto de toda Rusia . Aproximadamente el 91,8 por ciento se destina a la industria de la transformación, de los cuales 31.1 por ciento en la industria química , el 20,1 por ciento a la producción de alimentos y el 12,3 por ciento a la industria de transformación de la madera . 7.9 por ciento hace que el campo de la energía (electricidad y la producción de gas y distribución de agua) y 0,3 por ciento de la extracción de materias primas (arcilla, piedra caliza, arena de cuarzo, turba). Otras industrias son la ingeniería mecánica , industria de la pulpa y el papel , la metalurgia ferrosa y la industria de combustible . La tasa de desempleo es del 1,2 por ciento , más baja que la media de Rusia (2 por ciento).

Nóvgorod es la sede de uno de los mayores productores de fertilizantes en el mundo, el grupo Akron . La empresa alemana Pfleiderer, que se especializa en la producción de materiales a base de madera, desde 2006 opera una planta en Nóvgorod, adquirida por IKEA (Swedspan) de 2012.

  • PARQUES, JARDINES Y PLAYAS
  • Parque del Kremlin
  • Playa fluvial del Kremlin, en el Volkhov
  • VIDA CULTURAL Y OCIO

Novgorod tiene dos salas de cine : la «Novgorod» y el «Kinozentr» con tres salas.

Además, cuenta con tres teatros : el Teatro Dramático Fyodor Dostoyevsky , fundado en 1853, la Ciudad Teatro para Niños y Jóvenes «Malyi», fundada en 1990, y el Teatro Folclórico «Kudesy» , que celebra cada año alrededor de 2.700 conciertos, con más de 400.000 espectadores.

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También existe una orquesta filarmónica en la ciudad .

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Sede de la Filarmónica

En Novgorod hay una estación de televisión local «Novgorod Oblast Television”

«El Almirante» , es el más importante club nocturno (macrodiscoteca) de Novgorod.

  • PUNTOS DE INTERÉS TURÍSTICO

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El Kremlin, con la catedral de santa Sofía y otros edificios antiguos dentro de su perímetro

  • La Corte de Yaroslav (Dvorishche) es un conjunto arquitectónico construido en los siglos X-XI a las orillas del río Volkhov. Fue una gran barriada formada por casas residenciales, iglesias y una amplia plaza en el centro. En la plaza se reunían los miembros de la Asamblea de ciudadanos de Nóvgorod. Además, aquí se situaba la corte del príncipe, donde posteriormente se construyó la Catedral de San Nicolás (comienzos del siglo XII) .

Actualmente, en el territorio de la Corte de Yaroslav, a parte de esta catedral, se conservan varias iglesias, como la Iglesia de San Juan Bautista , la Iglesia de Mujeres Mirróforas , la Iglesia de Santa Paraskeva, la Iglesia de Procopio, la Iglesia de San Jorge, la Iglesia de la Asunción, y también el conjunto arquitectónico del Mercado y una arcada de piedra blanca. Durante la época soviética, prácticamente todos los edificios de viviendas fueron destruidos, y la mayoría de las iglesias ahora sólo son museo. El único edificio civil conservado hasta nuestros días es el Palacio de Catalina II , construido en el siglo XVIII. Se organizan visitas guiadas por la Corte de Yaroslav, que se conecta con el Kremlin de Nóvgorod en el lado opuesto del río mediante el Puente Peatonal .

El Mercado Antiguo en la Corte de Yaroslav

  • Monumento al Milenario de Rusia (monumento erigido en 1862 a instancias del Zar Alejandro II, conmemorando los 1000 años del estado ruso)

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Una imagen del monumento

  • Catedral de Santa Sofía, dentro del Kremlin y construida en 1065 (con su impresionante campanario de 1439 y su Museo de las Campanas en el interior).

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Catedral de Santa Sofía

  • Palacio de las Facetas, vestigio del antiguo Palacio del Arzobispo , un raro ejemplo de arquitectura gótica, construida con ladrillo en 1433 en colaboración con los maestros alemanes. También situada intramuros del Kremlin.

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  • Catedral de Nuestra Señora del Signo , construida entre 1682-1688
  • Catedral de San Nicolás
  • Iglesia de la Natividad de la Virgen del Monasterio de San Antonio (del siglo XII, erigida sobre un antiguo templo pagano dedicado a Perun). A orillas del lago.
  • La Iglesia de la Natividad de la Virgen
  • Monasterio de San Jorge (Yuriev)
  • Museo de la Torre Kokui (una de las torres del Kremlin, habilitada como Museo)

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Torre Kokui

  • Museo de Bellas Artes (edificio de estilo neoclásico en el límite de la ciudad nueva con la zona de las murallas del Kremlim)

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  • Iglesia del Salvador en la colina Nereditsa (siglo XII)
  • Iglesia de Teodoro Stratilates sobre el Arroyo (de 1361, conserva pinturas del la época, obra de Teófano el Griego )
  • Museo Vitoslavitsy de Arquitectura Popular en Madera (un conjunto de 20 construcciones tradicionales en madera procedentes de toda Rusia y reinstaladas a las afueras de la ciudad)

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Uno de los edificios que se pueden ver en el Museo

  • Monasterio del Espíritu Santo (siglo XII)
  • Gorodishe de Rurik

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El Gorodishe de Rurik (residencia de este príncipe vikingo en el siglo IX)

  • PARA SABER MÁS

http://visitnovgorod.es/

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Why was Novgorod a unique city in medieval Russia?

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As the most prominent and powerful city of northwestern Rus in the Middle Ages, and being very popular with European merchants, Novgorod was unlike any other settlement in the lands of the Eastern Slavs during that era.

Traditionally, medieval Russian cities grew around the main fortress, which was the political and religious heart of the community. Novgorod, however, emerged from a union of three settlements inhabited by different Slavic tribes. For them, it became a “new city” – this is how “Novgorod” is literally translated from Russian ( Novy – “new”, and gorod – “city”).

In the 14th and 15th centuries, during its heyday as a commercial and political power, the city of Novgorod was officially known as Gospodin Velikiy Novgorod – literally “The Great Master Novgorod”. The city was almost an empire, controlling vast lands from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Ural Mountains in the east, and from the White Sea in the north to the upper Volga in the south. After Kiev, it was the second most powerful city in medieval Rus.

Commerce: Making Novgorod great

Novgorod market in the 17th century

Novgorod market in the 17th century

International commerce was the foundation of Novgorod's prosperity, which truly made it great and powerful. The local craftsmen – weavers and tanners, jewelers and glass blowers, potters and foundry workers, gunsmiths and locksmiths – were famous throughout the Russian lands. But Novgorod also did a brisk trade with Western Europe via the Baltic Sea trade routes.

By the end of the 13th century, merchants from the Hanseatic League developed strong trade relations with Novgorod. The Hanseatic League was the largest trade association of merchants from major German cities situated along the Baltic and North seas, but it also maintained four representative offices outside of the German-speaking world – in Novgorod, Bruges, Bergen and London.

Guests from over the sea, Nikolai Rerikh, 1901

Guests from over the sea, Nikolai Rerikh, 1901

The German merchants came to Novgorod to make wholesale purchases, and deals were concluded at the Hanseatic League's representative office. However, a merchant from any other Russian city couldn't enter the office's territory and make deals there.

European merchants were eager to come to Novgorod to sell prized luxury goods such as wine, expensive fabrics, ornamental stones, and precious metals. In return, Novgorod sold fine and precious furs such as squirrel, weasel, and sable. Novgorod also massively exported honey, leather, wax (which Europe needed to make church candles), and walrus ivory.

Boyar republic

Velikiy Novgorod

Velikiy Novgorod

Novgorod’s political system was unique among the myriad of city-states and principalities of medieval Rus; it was ruled by a small circle of boyar families that owned huge fiefdoms both near the city and in remote northern lands. The title of boyar in Novgorod was hereditary, a fact that distinguished the city from the rest of Russia, where the title of boyar usually was bestowed upon military commanders who were close to the Rurikid princes. The fact that Novgorod was ruled solely by locally-born aristocracy was actually a prominent feature in the principality’s unique form of republican government.

READ MORE: Who were the Russian boyars?

Unlike the boyars in the rest of the Russian lands, the boyars of Novgorod weren’t military commanders. Rather, they were locally-born landowners and high-profile international traders who also were proficient in politics. The supreme authority in Novgorod was the Veche , a kind of parliament that included the wealthiest and most influential men in the city. The upper part of the Veche included at least 300 boyars – 14th century German sources report that the main assembly in Novgorod was called the "300 golden belts".

The Veche met in public on the square near the central market, and its convocation was announced by the famous Veche bell, a symbol of Novgorod’s freedom and independence. The veche was not unique to Novgorod, however, and it was also a feature of the political system in other cities of medieval Rus until the time when Moscow began to solidify control over the other principalities to form a centralized Russian state. Only in Novgorod did the Veche exist up to the 15th century.

The Veche was so powerful that it elected and could even expel the prince; it also issued laws, declared war and made peace, established taxes and duties. Also, the members of the Veche chose a posadnik , who was the managerial head of the city. He monitored whether the prince fulfilled the terms of the agreement with the city, as well as managed Novgorod’s possessions and was responsible for law enforcement, the courts, and even signed diplomatic treaties. The prince of Novgorod had to represent the city to the other Russian lands and was responsible for the city’s defense.

The political life of Novgorodians, however, was not limited to the central Veche; ordinary Novgorodians also had the chance to participate in the city’s local street and district veches. The boyars used these meetings to promote their interests and fight against their opponents.

The city’s religious authorities enjoyed great freedom ever since the people of Novgorod were able to secure autonomy for their archbishop. From the beginning of the 12th century, the Kiev bishop (known as a “metropolitan”) basically rubber stamped whatever candidate was proposed by the Novgorodians for this position. The archbishop had his own regiment for protection, participated in diplomatic negotiations and put his official seal on international agreements.

Liberty in princes

Yaroslav the Wise, Nikolai Rerikh, 1941-1942

Yaroslav the Wise, Nikolai Rerikh, 1941-1942

Restriction of the rights of the princes began in Novgorod during the lifetime of Yaroslav the Wise (978 – 1054), who agreed to give special privileges to the Novgorod boyars vis-a-vis the prince in exchange for support in the struggle for control of Kiev. Novgorod did not develop a separate princely dynasty after the death of Yaroslav, because the city was at the source of the trade route "from the Varangians to the Greeks” and was closely connected with Kiev. When he died in 1054, Yaroslav the Wise bequeathed Kiev and Novgorod to his eldest son. As a result, the princely line that ruled Kiev usually chose a prince to rule in Novgorod, or Novgorod had the same prince as Kiev did.

In 1136, a rebellion in Novgorod led to the expulsion of the prince. From then on, the Novgorodians invited princes themselves and concluded a temporary agreement with them, according to which they could not interfere in the affairs of city management, change the highest officials and acquire lands on the outskirts of the Novgorod republic. In case of any violation of the agreement, the prince was expelled from the city, and the Veche selected a new candidate. Such changes more than once had a serious impact on the life of all the principalities of Rus.

Despite such treatment of the princes, all the major figures of Kievan Rus, who were the builders of the future united Russian state – from Vladimir the Great to Vladimir Monomakh – reigned in Novgorod before ascending the throne in Kiev. Symbolically, Novgorod was also the first place where Rurik reigned in Russia.

The most literate city in Russia

Birch bark letter #1

Birch bark letter #1

On July 26, 1951, archaeological excavations in Novgorod found the first letter written on birch bark, with a discernible text carved on the surface. In total, more than 1100 such letters were found in Novgorod and about 100 in other cities of medieval Russia.

The analysis of Novgorod’s birch-bark letters allowed scholars to reconstruct the everyday life of the city and its inhabitants over the course of the 11th to the 15th centuries, which was the golden era of the Novgorod Republic.

The texts on birch bark testify to widespread literacy among the people of Novgorod who wrote to each other often and on a variety of matters, where they discussed household affairs, commercial transactions, as well as court decisions and simply the local gossip. Both men and women were literate, which was unheard of for Western Europe at this time.

READ MORE: How did single women survive in Tsarist Russia?

The birch-barks showed that the position of women in Novgorod society was quite prominent, and they conducted their own affairs, concluded commercial transactions, dispatched their husbands orders, as well as appeared in court, including on financial issues; and in general were actively engaged in economic activity.

Among the letters there were also touching declarations of love, such as the famous letter written by an unknown young woman in the 12th century: "I sent to you three times. What evil do you have against me that you did not come to me?" Another birch-bark letter contains one of the first records of Russian cursing.

Novgorod's heroes, its tragic fall and legacy today

Sadko, Ilya Repin, 1876

Sadko, Ilya Repin, 1876

Novgorod’s political structure and the nature of its economy created special cultural and real heroes. Unlike the characters of the Russian bylinas who spend their time lying on the stove and waiting for an opportunity to stand up for the fatherland, Novgorod's main hero, Sadko, who is a handsome man, as well as gusli player and merchant, is relentless in his pursuit of money and fame. He successfully swindles the sea tsar and wraps him around his finger, and once he is rich, he swears to buy up all Novgorod’s goods. In some versions of the legend he even succeeds.

Another atypical Novgorod hero, one not from a bylina but rather someone from real history, was the leader of the local resistance against Moscow. Marfa Boretskaya (or Marfa Posadnitsa because Marfa's second husband was a posadnik) came from an influential boyar family and owned vast tracts of land that were already in her family’s possession, as well as those lands that she inherited after the death of her first husband.

The taking away of the Novgorod Veche bell. Marfa Posadnitsa. 1889

The taking away of the Novgorod Veche bell. Marfa Posadnitsa. 1889

When in the 15th century the Grand Prince of Moscow, Ivan III, began to unite the Russian lands by conquering other cities, Marfa entered into negotiations with the Lithuanian Grand Duke to propose a merger with Novgorod on the condition that it maintains its rights of autonomy.

READ MORE: How Russians executed... bells

Having learned about the negotiations, Ivan III declared war on Novgorod, and in 1478 the republic ceased to exist. As a sign of the abolition of Novgorod’s Veche, the famous bell was taken to Moscow, and the most promised townspeople were repressed. Marfa's lands were confiscated, and she herself soon died.

Nevertheless, while Novgorod has long disappeared from the map as an independent political entity, its legacy resonates today in the modern era. At the dawn of Russian history Novogorod accepted Rurik to reign, thereby laying the foundation of Russian statehood. Also, the city and its republican form of government showed that the path to rigid centralization and the absolute power of the Grand Prince was not the only possible political path for Russia.

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  • Veliky Novgorod Region: Why you need to see the jewel in Russia’s ‘Silver Necklace’
  • Exploring the St. Sophia Cathedral in Novgorod: Prototype for medieval shrines

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    This is an auto-generated long summary of Grundig Yacht Boy 80 Chrome based on the first three specs of the first five spec groups. Grundig Yacht Boy 80. Supported radio bands: FM, LW, SW. RMS rated power: 0,40 W. Display type: LCD. Product color: Chrome. Battery voltage: 1,5 V.

  10. Grundig Yacht Boy 80

    Grundig Yacht Boy 80 . I bought this Yacht Boy 80 at Media Markt. Reception in the European bands is rather good, but only in FM. SSB does not work satisfactorily because you cannot tune the frequencies adequately and the stations sound rather distorted. The Sony ICF-SW 7600 GR is much better in this respect; it even sports a fully fledged ...

  11. RigPix Database

    Back to Grundig Next receiver Last modified 2023-05-27 Grundig Yacht Boy 80 (WR5408 PLL) SPECIFICATIONS. GENERAL: Type: HF/VHF receiver: Frequency range: LW / MW / 51.7-29.9 / 87-108 MHz Tuning steps:? KHz: Frequency stability:? ppm: Mode: AM / SSB / WFM Stereo: Channels / memory management:

  12. GRUNDIG WR 5408 PLL USER MANUAL Pdf Download

    Yacht Boy 80. WR 5408 PLL receiver pdf manual download. Also for: Yacht boy 80 wr 5408 pll. Sign In Upload. Download Table of Contents Contents. Add to my manuals. Delete from my manuals. Share. URL of this page: ... Receiver GRUNDIG YACHT BOY 400 User Manual. World receiver (32 pages) Receiver Grundig Satellit 650 Service Manual (24 pages ...

  13. Grundig Yacht Boy 80 Digital Silver

    Find helpful customer reviews and review ratings for Grundig Yacht Boy 80 Digital Silver - radios (Digital, FM, LW, SW, 0.40 W, LCD, 510 g, 1.5V) at Amazon.com. Read honest and unbiased product reviews from our users.

  14. PDF 02 Yacht Boy 80, GB

    Yacht Boy 80 WR 5408 PLL. 2 _____ 3 Sicherheit, Informationen 13 Betrieb 4 Auf einen Blick 20 Informationen 8 Stromversorgung 201 Service 9 Einstellungen 21 Safety, Information 31 Operation 22 Overview 38 Information 26 Power supply 201 Service 27 Settings 39 Sécurité, informations 49 Utilisation ...

  15. Grundig Yacht Boy 80 radio

    Grundig Yacht Boy 80 radio. Thread starter Poignard; Start date 1 Jun 2007; 1 Jun 2007 #1 Poignard Well-known member. Joined 23 Jul 2005 Messages 52,269 Location South London ... Hopefully the Grundig is an exception. For example, my Sangean ATS 818 ACS (also cloned as Roberts etc) provides stunning wefaxes and RTTY even when I'm sat the lounge ...

  16. Grundig Yacht Boy 80 (WR5408 PLL)

    Search the Boat Anchor Manual Archive (BAMA) for Grundig Yacht Boy 80 (WR5408 PLL) for manuals and documents (using Google) RX-range: LW / MW / 51.7-29.9 / 87-108 MHz, TX-range: -, Handheld model, Manufactured between 200x and 200x.

  17. Yacht-Boy 400 1980 Radio Grundig Radio-Vertrieb, RVF, Radiowerke

    Yacht-Boy 400 1980 Radio Grundig Radio-Vertrieb, RVF, Radiowerke, build 1980/1981, 28 pictures, 6 schematics, Germany, tubes, semiconductors, Broadcast. Devices. Search Schematic Finder Schematics Requested Manufacturer Countries Audio New Pictures. Components. Search Best Tube Pics New Tube Pics.

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